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--- tags : python --- # DAY 07 認識字典 ## 如何使用字典 在python中字典是一系列的鍵-值對,每一個鍵都有一個對應的值,與鍵相關的可以是數值、串列、也可以是另一個字典,**在python中字典是用大括號{ }括住一系列的鍵-值對,鍵和值之間是用冒號來分隔,鍵-值對之間是用逗號分開,如果想存取鍵相關的值,可給定字典的名稱,然後以中括號括住指定的鍵** * 存取字典中的值 範例如下 : ```python= car = {"color":"black","brand":"Toyota"} # 建立一個car字典裡面包含兩個鍵值對 color = car["color"] # 將car字典中color鍵對應的值存到color變數內 print("The car's color is "+color) # 印出color ``` 輸出結果 : ``` The car's color is black ``` * 新增鍵值對 字典是動態的結構,可隨時新增鍵-值對進去,想要新增鍵其實跟存取的方式差不多,用法是給定字典的名稱,然後用中括號括住想要新增鍵的名字,再給定鍵的值 範例如下 : ```python= car = {"color":"black","brand":"toyota"} # 建立一個car字典裡面包含兩個鍵值對 car["mileage"] = 10 # 新增一個鍵為"mileage"值為10到car字典 print(car) # 印出新增鍵值對後的car字典 ``` 輸出結果 : ```python {"color":"black","brand":"toyota","mileage":10} ``` * 修改鍵值對 修改鍵對應的值一樣需要給定字典名稱,然後使用中括號括住鍵,再把相關聯的新值指定過去即可 範例如下 : ```python= car = {"color":"black","brand":"toyota"} # 建立一個car字典裡面包含兩個鍵值對 car["color"] = "white" # 將car字典中color鍵的值更改成white print(car) # 印出修改值後的car字典 ``` 輸出結果 : ```python {"color":"white","brand":"toyota"} ``` * 刪除鍵值對 我們是用del陳述句把對應的鍵-值對**永久的**刪除掉,使用的方法也是跟新增存取 一樣,要給定字典的名稱和要刪除的鍵 範例如下 : ```python= car = {"color":"black","brand":"toyota"} # 建立一個car字典裡面包含兩個鍵值對 del car["color"] # 刪除car字典中color鍵和它對應的值 print(car) # 印出刪除值後的car字典 ``` 輸出結果 : ```python car = {"brand":"toyota"} ``` #### 今天結束,各位明天見 :hand: *** 資料來源:<<python程式設計的樂趣>>-Eric Matthes著/H&C譯

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