Mitour
    • Create new note
    • Create a note from template
      • Sharing URL Link copied
      • /edit
      • View mode
        • Edit mode
        • View mode
        • Book mode
        • Slide mode
        Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
      • Customize slides
      • Note Permission
      • Read
        • Only me
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
        Only me Signed-in users Everyone
      • Write
        • Only me
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
        Only me Signed-in users Everyone
      • Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
    • Invite by email
      Invitee

      This note has no invitees

    • Publish Note

      Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note No publishing access yet

      Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
      Your note is now live.
      This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
      Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.

      Your account was recently created. Publishing will be available soon, allowing you to share notes on your public page and in search results.

      Your team account was recently created. Publishing will be available soon, allowing you to share notes on your public page and in search results.

      Explore these features while you wait
      Complete general settings
      Bookmark and like published notes
      Write a few more notes
      Complete general settings
      Write a few more notes
      See published notes
      Unpublish note
      Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
      View profile
    • Commenting
      Permission
      Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    • Enable
    • Permission
      • Forbidden
      • Owners
      • Signed-in users
      • Everyone
    • Suggest edit
      Permission
      Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    • Enable
    • Permission
      • Forbidden
      • Owners
      • Signed-in users
    • Emoji Reply
    • Enable
    • Versions and GitHub Sync
    • Note settings
    • Note Insights New
    • Engagement control
    • Make a copy
    • Transfer ownership
    • Delete this note
    • Save as template
    • Insert from template
    • Import from
      • Dropbox
      • Google Drive
      • Gist
      • Clipboard
    • Export to
      • Dropbox
      • Google Drive
      • Gist
    • Download
      • Markdown
      • HTML
      • Raw HTML
Menu Note settings Note Insights Versions and GitHub Sync Sharing URL Create Help
Create Create new note Create a note from template
Menu
Options
Engagement control Make a copy Transfer ownership Delete this note
Import from
Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
Export to
Dropbox Google Drive Gist
Download
Markdown HTML Raw HTML
Back
Sharing URL Link copied
/edit
View mode
  • Edit mode
  • View mode
  • Book mode
  • Slide mode
Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
Customize slides
Note Permission
Read
Only me
  • Only me
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Only me Signed-in users Everyone
Write
Only me
  • Only me
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Only me Signed-in users Everyone
Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
  • Invite by email
    Invitee

    This note has no invitees

  • Publish Note

    Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note No publishing access yet

    Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
    Your note is now live.
    This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
    Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.

    Your account was recently created. Publishing will be available soon, allowing you to share notes on your public page and in search results.

    Your team account was recently created. Publishing will be available soon, allowing you to share notes on your public page and in search results.

    Explore these features while you wait
    Complete general settings
    Bookmark and like published notes
    Write a few more notes
    Complete general settings
    Write a few more notes
    See published notes
    Unpublish note
    Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
    View profile
    Engagement control
    Commenting
    Permission
    Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    Enable
    Permission
    • Forbidden
    • Owners
    • Signed-in users
    • Everyone
    Suggest edit
    Permission
    Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    Enable
    Permission
    • Forbidden
    • Owners
    • Signed-in users
    Emoji Reply
    Enable
    Import from Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
       Owned this note    Owned this note      
    Published Linked with GitHub
    • Any changes
      Be notified of any changes
    • Mention me
      Be notified of mention me
    • Unsubscribe
    # 網頁乙級檢定 ###### tags: `程式筆記` `檢定考試` `網頁乙級` ## 網路概論與應用 ### UDP 和 TCP UDP 和 TCP 都是常見的網路通訊協定,這兩種協定能確保網際網路資料傳輸的快速和完整性。它們做相同的工作,但運作方式不同,TCP 較可靠,UDP 較快速。 #### TCP(通訊控制協定) * 封包有識別碼及順序, * 按順序傳輸, * 會等用戶回傳確認信號表示收到,所以較耗時 #### UDP(用戶資料包協定) * 封包用傳流進行傳輸 * 不在乎封包遺失,幾乎沒有錯誤糾正 * 發送端不會等待接收端的確認信號,會繼續不斷發送封包資料 ![TCP 和 UDP 比較](https://i.imgur.com/WXcU1uz.png) [TCP 和 UDP 是什麼:簡單的說明](https://nordvpn.com/zh-tw/blog/tcp-udp-bijiao/) ### FTP(File transfer protocol) 是一種通訊協定,一般用於: * transfer files between computer * let web designer to upload file to their web server 特點: * 用 TCP 傳輸 * 純文字傳輸,並不安全 * 有時候需要 username/password 登入,有時候則可以匿名 #### transfer files * 運用瀏覽器 * FTP 對應 HTTP * FTP client * Filezilla ### SFTP(Secure file transfer protocol) FTP 的基礎下加上安全保證,會將封包加密(encrypt) * 用 TCP 傳輸 ### FTFP(Trivial file transfer protocol) 用於內網的檔案傳輸,例如一些 configuration,特點: * 透過 UDP 協定傳輸 * 不安全 ### 子網路遮罩 子網路遮罩可用規劃子網路,將 IP 分成不同網段。當網路被分成更小的部分時,這些部分稱為子網路。不過,子網路通常需要額外的硬體,例如路由器,因此會帶來額外成本。 #### A 類位址 A 類網路使用 `255.0.0.0` 的子網路遮罩,並將 0-127 作為其第一個八位元組。它允許 126 個網路和每個網路約 1700 萬台主機。 #### B 類位址 B 類位址使用 `255.255.0.0` 的子網路遮罩,並將 128-191 作為其第一個八位元組。它被中大型網路使用。B 類位址允許大約 16000 個網路和每個網路 65000 台主機。 #### C 類位址 C 類位址用於區域網路(LAN),允許 200 萬個網路,每個網路有 254 台主機。C 類位址使用 `255.255.255.0` 的子網路遮罩,第一個八位元組為 192-223。 由於子網路遮罩都是在二進位都是由 1 開頭的,我們通常會計算前面總共有幾個 1,例如 `255.255.255.0` 在二進位有 24 個 1,配合上預設閘道是 `192.168.1.1`,我們就可以把這個子網路表示成 `192.168.1.0/24`。 ### 雲端計算 #### 最底層:IaaS 基礎設施即服務 > 場外伺服器,儲存和網路硬體可以租用。 基礎設施即服務(英語:Infrastructure as a Service,簡稱 IaaS)是提供消費者處理、儲存、網路以及各種基礎運算資源,以部署與執行作業系統或應用程式等各種軟體。 IaaS 是雲服務的最底層。 客戶端無須購買伺服器、軟體等網路設備,即可任意部署和運行處理、存儲、網絡和其它基本的計算資源。 不能控管或控制底層的基礎設施,但是可以控制作業系統、儲存裝置、已部署的應用程式,有時也可以有限度地控制特定的網路元件,像是主機端防火牆。 * Amazon * Microsoft * VMWare * Rackspace * Red Hat * Digital Ocean * RackSpace Cloud * OpenStack #### 第二層:PaaS 平台即服務 > 虛擬伺服器和作業系統 平台即服務(英語:platform as a service,縮寫:PaaS)是一種雲端運算服務,提供運算平台與解決方案服務。在雲端運算的典型層級中,PaaS 層介於軟體即服務與基礎設施即服務之間。 使用者不需要管理與控制雲端基礎設施(包含網路、伺服器、作業系統或儲存),但需要控制上層的應用程式部署與應用代管的環境。 開發者只需要關注自己的業務邏輯,不需要關注底層。下面這些都屬於 PaaS。 * Heroku * Google App Engine * OpenShift * AWS Elastic Beanstalk #### 第三層:SaaS 軟體即服務 > 這一層是和你的生活每天接觸的一層,大多是通過網頁瀏覽器來接入 軟體即服務(Software as a Service)。在這種交付模式中,軟體僅需通過網路,不須經過傳統的安裝步驟即可使用,軟體及其相關的資料集中代管於雲端服務。 「軟體即服務」(SaaS)的術語被認為是雲端運算的命名法的一部分,還有IaaS、PaaS、桌面即服務(英語:desktop as a service)(DaaS)都被認為是雲端運算的學術名稱。 一般由網頁瀏覽器來存取。SaaS 最大的特色在於軟體本身並沒有被下載到使用者的硬碟,而是儲存在提供商的雲端或者伺服器。 相較於傳統軟體需要花錢購買和下載,軟體即服務只需要使用者租用軟體,線上使用,不但大大減少了使用者購買風險,也無需下載軟體本身,無裝置要求的限制。 * iCloud * Google Apps(Google Apps) * Salesforce.com(Salesforce) * Office 365(微軟) * Adobe Creative Cloud #### 參考 [IaaS、PaaS、SaaS、CaaS、MaaS五者的區別_雲端計算概念大全](https://www.796t.com/content/1547237355.html) ## 網頁 * macOS是Apple公司Macintosh電腦的作業系統,是最早採用圖形使用者介面(GUI)的作業系統 * UNIX是美國AT&T公司所發展的作業系統,適合多人多工作業 ## 全域參考 ### 題庫 [乙級技術士網頁設計乙級學科題庫線上測驗系統](http://onlinetest3-2.slhs.tp.edu.tw/bestcontent.asp?examid=t173002) ### blog [NordVPN](https://nordvpn.com/zh-tw/blog/) ### YT [PowerCert Animated Videos](https://www.youtube.com/c/PowerCertAnimatedVideos)

    Import from clipboard

    Paste your markdown or webpage here...

    Advanced permission required

    Your current role can only read. Ask the system administrator to acquire write and comment permission.

    This team is disabled

    Sorry, this team is disabled. You can't edit this note.

    This note is locked

    Sorry, only owner can edit this note.

    Reach the limit

    Sorry, you've reached the max length this note can be.
    Please reduce the content or divide it to more notes, thank you!

    Import from Gist

    Import from Snippet

    or

    Export to Snippet

    Are you sure?

    Do you really want to delete this note?
    All users will lose their connection.

    Create a note from template

    Create a note from template

    Oops...
    This template has been removed or transferred.
    Upgrade
    All
    • All
    • Team
    No template.

    Create a template

    Upgrade

    Delete template

    Do you really want to delete this template?
    Turn this template into a regular note and keep its content, versions, and comments.

    This page need refresh

    You have an incompatible client version.
    Refresh to update.
    New version available!
    See releases notes here
    Refresh to enjoy new features.
    Your user state has changed.
    Refresh to load new user state.

    Sign in

    Forgot password
    or
    Sign in via Facebook Sign in via X(Twitter) Sign in via GitHub Sign in via Dropbox Sign in with Wallet
    Wallet ( )
    Connect another wallet

    New to HackMD? Sign up

    By signing in, you agree to our terms of service.

    Help

    • English
    • 中文
    • Français
    • Deutsch
    • 日本語
    • Español
    • Català
    • Ελληνικά
    • Português
    • italiano
    • Türkçe
    • Русский
    • Nederlands
    • hrvatski jezik
    • język polski
    • Українська
    • हिन्दी
    • svenska
    • Esperanto
    • dansk

    Documents

    Help & Tutorial

    How to use Book mode

    Slide Example

    API Docs

    Edit in VSCode

    Install browser extension

    Contacts

    Feedback

    Discord

    Send us email

    Resources

    Releases

    Pricing

    Blog

    Policy

    Terms

    Privacy

    Cheatsheet

    Syntax Example Reference
    # Header Header 基本排版
    - Unordered List
    • Unordered List
    1. Ordered List
    1. Ordered List
    - [ ] Todo List
    • Todo List
    > Blockquote
    Blockquote
    **Bold font** Bold font
    *Italics font* Italics font
    ~~Strikethrough~~ Strikethrough
    19^th^ 19th
    H~2~O H2O
    ++Inserted text++ Inserted text
    ==Marked text== Marked text
    [link text](https:// "title") Link
    ![image alt](https:// "title") Image
    `Code` Code 在筆記中貼入程式碼
    ```javascript
    var i = 0;
    ```
    var i = 0;
    :smile: :smile: Emoji list
    {%youtube youtube_id %} Externals
    $L^aT_eX$ LaTeX
    :::info
    This is a alert area.
    :::

    This is a alert area.

    Versions and GitHub Sync
    Get Full History Access

    • Edit version name
    • Delete

    revision author avatar     named on  

    More Less

    Note content is identical to the latest version.
    Compare
      Choose a version
      No search result
      Version not found
    Sign in to link this note to GitHub
    Learn more
    This note is not linked with GitHub
     

    Feedback

    Submission failed, please try again

    Thanks for your support.

    On a scale of 0-10, how likely is it that you would recommend HackMD to your friends, family or business associates?

    Please give us some advice and help us improve HackMD.

     

    Thanks for your feedback

    Remove version name

    Do you want to remove this version name and description?

    Transfer ownership

    Transfer to
      Warning: is a public team. If you transfer note to this team, everyone on the web can find and read this note.

        Link with GitHub

        Please authorize HackMD on GitHub
        • Please sign in to GitHub and install the HackMD app on your GitHub repo.
        • HackMD links with GitHub through a GitHub App. You can choose which repo to install our App.
        Learn more  Sign in to GitHub

        Push the note to GitHub Push to GitHub Pull a file from GitHub

          Authorize again
         

        Choose which file to push to

        Select repo
        Refresh Authorize more repos
        Select branch
        Select file
        Select branch
        Choose version(s) to push
        • Save a new version and push
        • Choose from existing versions
        Include title and tags
        Available push count

        Pull from GitHub

         
        File from GitHub
        File from HackMD

        GitHub Link Settings

        File linked

        Linked by
        File path
        Last synced branch
        Available push count

        Danger Zone

        Unlink
        You will no longer receive notification when GitHub file changes after unlink.

        Syncing

        Push failed

        Push successfully