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    # **Ettercap封包竊聽** ## **ARP(Address Resolution Protocol)** ARP是一種用於將IP地址映射到MAC地址的一種通訊協定。當某一台電腦要傳送資料到某個 IP 位址時,會先傳送 ARP 封包詢問網路上哪台電腦的 MAC 位址對應到這個 IP 位址,當目的端的電腦接收到這個 ARP 封包之後,便會回應給來源電腦進行資料傳送。 ### **ARP污染** ARP污染是指攻擊者利用ARP協議的不安全性,對網絡進行操控,使其它設備將通信流量發送到攻擊者指定的錯誤MAC地址。攻擊者通常偽造ARP響應,向網絡中的其他設備發送虛假的ARP回答,將正確的MAC地址映射到惡意的IP地址,或者將多個IP地址映射到同一個MAC地址。 攻擊者成功進行ARP污染後,可以實現以下攻擊: 1. 中間人攻擊(Man-in-the-Middle,MitM): 攻擊者截取通信流量,能夠讀取或修改通信數據。 2. 流量監聽: 攻擊者可以監聽通信流量,無需被檢測到。 3. 拒絕服務(Denial of Service,DoS): 攻擊者可以將通信流量引導到無效的地址,導致設備無法正常通信。 4. 入侵擴散: 攻擊者可以更容易地入侵網絡,因為他們能夠控制通信流量。 ### **防範ARP污染** 為了防範ARP污染攻擊,可以考慮以下措施: 1. 靜態ARP表: 在網絡中配置靜態ARP表,使得每個IP地址與相應的MAC地址固定關聯,減少動態ARP請求的使用。 2. ARP監視和檢測: 使用ARP監視工具來檢測異常ARP活動,例如檢測到同一IP地址對應多個MAC地址的情況。 3. 防火牆和入侵檢測系統(IDS): 使用防火牆來限制不必要的ARP流量,並設置入侵檢測系統以監控異常活動。 4. 加密通信: 使用加密通信協議,例如HTTPS,以防止中間人攻擊。 5. 定期檢查和更新: 定期檢查網絡設備的ARP表,並及時更新。 ## **Ettercap使用** 在kali中搜尋Ettercap,開啟時需輸入密碼,使用預設設定後在host中點選Scan host開始掃描,選擇Host list即可看到同一網段上的裝置。 ![螢幕擷取畫面 2024-01-08 143555](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rkSdqfF_T.png) 選擇View->Connection即可看到各Host的連線狀態,點兩下即可查看連線封包內容。 ![螢幕擷取畫面 2024-01-08 143653](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Hyr_9zYda.png) ![螢幕擷取畫面 2024-01-08 143700](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/B1Sd9GtuT.png)

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