resghst
  • NEW!
    NEW!  Connect Ideas Across Notes
    Save time and share insights. With Paragraph Citation, you can quote others’ work with source info built in. If someone cites your note, you’ll see a card showing where it’s used—bringing notes closer together.
    Got it
      • Create new note
      • Create a note from template
        • Sharing URL Link copied
        • /edit
        • View mode
          • Edit mode
          • View mode
          • Book mode
          • Slide mode
          Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
        • Customize slides
        • Note Permission
        • Read
          • Only me
          • Signed-in users
          • Everyone
          Only me Signed-in users Everyone
        • Write
          • Only me
          • Signed-in users
          • Everyone
          Only me Signed-in users Everyone
        • Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
      • Invite by email
        Invitee

        This note has no invitees

      • Publish Note

        Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note No publishing access yet

        Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
        Your note is now live.
        This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
        Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.

        Your account was recently created. Publishing will be available soon, allowing you to share notes on your public page and in search results.

        Your team account was recently created. Publishing will be available soon, allowing you to share notes on your public page and in search results.

        Explore these features while you wait
        Complete general settings
        Bookmark and like published notes
        Write a few more notes
        Complete general settings
        Write a few more notes
        See published notes
        Unpublish note
        Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
        View profile
      • Commenting
        Permission
        Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
      • Enable
      • Permission
        • Forbidden
        • Owners
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
      • Suggest edit
        Permission
        Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
      • Enable
      • Permission
        • Forbidden
        • Owners
        • Signed-in users
      • Emoji Reply
      • Enable
      • Versions and GitHub Sync
      • Note settings
      • Note Insights New
      • Engagement control
      • Make a copy
      • Transfer ownership
      • Delete this note
      • Save as template
      • Insert from template
      • Import from
        • Dropbox
        • Google Drive
        • Gist
        • Clipboard
      • Export to
        • Dropbox
        • Google Drive
        • Gist
      • Download
        • Markdown
        • HTML
        • Raw HTML
    Menu Note settings Note Insights Versions and GitHub Sync Sharing URL Create Help
    Create Create new note Create a note from template
    Menu
    Options
    Engagement control Make a copy Transfer ownership Delete this note
    Import from
    Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
    Export to
    Dropbox Google Drive Gist
    Download
    Markdown HTML Raw HTML
    Back
    Sharing URL Link copied
    /edit
    View mode
    • Edit mode
    • View mode
    • Book mode
    • Slide mode
    Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
    Customize slides
    Note Permission
    Read
    Only me
    • Only me
    • Signed-in users
    • Everyone
    Only me Signed-in users Everyone
    Write
    Only me
    • Only me
    • Signed-in users
    • Everyone
    Only me Signed-in users Everyone
    Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
  • Invite by email
    Invitee

    This note has no invitees

  • Publish Note

    Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note No publishing access yet

    Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
    Your note is now live.
    This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
    Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.

    Your account was recently created. Publishing will be available soon, allowing you to share notes on your public page and in search results.

    Your team account was recently created. Publishing will be available soon, allowing you to share notes on your public page and in search results.

    Explore these features while you wait
    Complete general settings
    Bookmark and like published notes
    Write a few more notes
    Complete general settings
    Write a few more notes
    See published notes
    Unpublish note
    Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
    View profile
    Engagement control
    Commenting
    Permission
    Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    Enable
    Permission
    • Forbidden
    • Owners
    • Signed-in users
    • Everyone
    Suggest edit
    Permission
    Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    Enable
    Permission
    • Forbidden
    • Owners
    • Signed-in users
    Emoji Reply
    Enable
    Import from Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
       Owned this note    Owned this note      
    Published Linked with GitHub
    • Any changes
      Be notified of any changes
    • Mention me
      Be notified of mention me
    • Unsubscribe
    --- title: CH1.區域網路與高速網路概論 tags: 區域網路與高速網路 --- ## 區域網路與高速網路 ### CH1. 區域網路與高速網路概論 ### 電腦網路已涵蓋範圍分為三種: > 1.區域網路(Local Area Networks,LAN) > 2.大都會網路 (Metropolitan Area Networks,MAN) > 3.廣域網路 (Wide Area Networks,WAN) ___ ### 區域網路 - 定義 > 1. Independent devices(相依性低) > 2. Communicate directly(直接通信) > 3. 有效範圍(<5km) > 4. 傳輸速率(1Mbps~100Mbps) - 主要元件:電腦設備、傳輸工具 - 實例:IEEE 802.3 Ethernet、IEEE 802.4 Token-Bus、IEEE 802.5 Token-Ring - 基本要求 > 1. 資料傳輸速率為1 到100 Mbps 。 > 2. 網路舖設距離最長為5 公里。 > 3. 有能力連結數百部彼此可能無關的電腦設備。 > 4. 架構簡單。 > 5. 具有可靠度。 > 6. 具有可靠度。 > 7. 提供資源共享服務。 > 8. 在高負載時具有穩定性。 > 9. 具有公平性。 > 10. 容易安裝和維護。 > 11. 具有擴充性。 > 12. 低價位。 ___ ### 網路拓樸(topology) - 種類 > 1.星形(Star) > 2.匯流排(bus) > 3.環形(Ring) #### 星狀(Star) - 集中式管理系統 - 缺點:中央控制器損壞則該區域網路損毀 <center class="half"> <img src="https://i.imgur.com/IR9d7UU.png" width="40%"/><img src="https://i.imgur.com/xAGko0V.png" width="50%"/> </center> #### 匯流排(Star) - 廣播(broadcast) - 電腦的損壞不影響其他通訊 - 缺點:電纜線損壞造成網路損毀 <center class="half"> <img src="https://i.imgur.com/Sbvfn7Z.png" width="30%"/> <img src="https://i.imgur.com/DhfrFJu.png" width="30%"/> <img src="https://i.imgur.com/7cL0ogV.png" width="30%"/> </center> #### 環狀(Ring) - 點對點連線 point-to-point - 傳送具單一方向性 - 缺點:中央控制器損壞則該區域網路損毀 - 常見架構:IEEE 802.5 Token-ring網路,IBM Token-ring <center class="half"> <img src="https://i.imgur.com/xrUgtyt.png" width="30%"/> <img src="https://i.imgur.com/SIdmR48.png" width="30%"/> <img src="https://i.imgur.com/qeaKFHk.png" width="30%"/> </center> ___ ### 區域網路實際架構 - 採用「集線器」(Hub) 或「中樞器」(Concentrator) - 優勢:集線器或中樞器可監控工作站的傳輸狀態 - 常見架構:Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, Token-bus, Token-ring, FDDI, 100VG-AnyLAN <center> <img src="https://i.imgur.com/rfOeenR.png" height="300px"/> </center> ___ ### ISO 七層 #### 架構 |層數|ISO-7|功能| | --- |---| --- |---| |7|應用層</br>Application Layer|各種服務給應用程式使系統連結功能達到和其他應用程式交換資料。</br>檔案傳送通訊協定(File Transfer Protocol)、交易服務軟體(Transaction Server)、網路管理軟體(Network Management)| |6|表達層</br>Presentation Layer|資料表達。</br>字元碼轉換,壓縮(Compression)、還原 (Expansion)、加密(Encryption)、解密(Decryption)| |5|會議層</br>Session Layer|多使用者之間對談(dialog)的組成同步、管理使用者間資料傳送。</br>負責傳送或接收資料時機,達到同步交談。| |4|傳輸層</br>Transport Layer|負責確保通訊品質。</br>督傳輸過程保證通訊品質,無法達到則通知使用者。| |3|網路層</br>Network Layer|解決路徑選擇(routing)。</br>負責建立、維護、結束連線以及選擇路徑| |2|鏈結層</br>Data Link Layer|提供傳輸服務給上層之通訊協定使用,上層不需了解實體層的傳輸媒介。</br>負責解決資料錯誤或遺漏(error or loss)、資料重覆接收(duplication)、資料到達目的地順序不對(out of order)。| |1|實體層</br>Physical Layer|只負責將資料送出,不做補救措施。</br>負責編碼(Encoding) 、解碼(Decoding)。</br>配合編碼技術負責亂碼(Scrambling) 、 順碼(Descrambling) 的工作。| </br> #### 層與層之間溝通方式 溝通以實作介面完成,使用下層提供的服務點Service Access Point)。兩工作站同層建立連線,每層通訊協調包含三個要素: > 1. 通訊語法 (Syntax):資料傳送格式、訊號強弱。 > 2. 資料意義 (Semantics):傳送資料欄位意義、錯誤處理。 > 3. 時序 (Timing):傳送資料速度及順序。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/y4g5JSP.png) #### 基本功能 - 資料之包裝與拆裝 (Encapsulation/Decapsulation) - 資料之分段與組合 (Segmentation/Reassembly) - 通訊連線之建立 (Connection establishing) - 資料流量之控制 (Flow control) - 資料傳送之錯誤控制 (Error control) - 通訊連線之多工處理 (Multiplexing) #### 資料包裝 (Encapsulation) 傳送端每層都會將上層節作為資料加上自己的標頭,接收端由下而上解開每一層標頭。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/EPWagcN.png) #### 多工處理 分為向上多工(Upward Multiplexing)、向下多工(Downward Multiplexing、Splitting)兩種: - 向上多工(Upward Multiplexing):</br> 使得第N-1層提供更多的服務對象。 - 向下多工(Downward Multiplexing、Splitting):</br> 第N層的一個通訊連線使用第N-1層的許多通訊連線,增加資料傳送可靠度(loss 下降)、提高效率。 ___ ### IEEE Project 802網路結構 - 802.1 :高層次介面 (High Level Interface) - 802.2 :邏輯鏈結控制 (Logical Link Control) - 802.3 :CSMA/CD 網路 - 802.4 :Token-Bus 網路 - 802.5 :Token-Ring 網路 - 802.6 :DQDB大都會網路 (Metropolitan Area Networks) - 802.7 :寬頻技術 (Broadband Technical Advisory Group) - 802.8 :光纖技術 (Fiber Optic Technical Advisory Group) - 802.9 :語音/數據整合區域網路 (Integrated Voice and Data LAN Working Group) - 802.10:區域網路安全技術 (LAN Security Working Group) - 802.11:無線式區域網路 (Wireless LAN) - 802.12:Demand-Priority 高速區域網路 (100VG-AnyLAN) - 802.14:CATV網路 > 常用區域網路:802.3 CSMA/CD、 802.4 Token-Bus、802.5 Token-Ring > 大都會網路:802.6 DQDB (Distributed Queue Dual Bus)(骨幹網路連接重要資訊據點) > > >

    Import from clipboard

    Paste your markdown or webpage here...

    Advanced permission required

    Your current role can only read. Ask the system administrator to acquire write and comment permission.

    This team is disabled

    Sorry, this team is disabled. You can't edit this note.

    This note is locked

    Sorry, only owner can edit this note.

    Reach the limit

    Sorry, you've reached the max length this note can be.
    Please reduce the content or divide it to more notes, thank you!

    Import from Gist

    Import from Snippet

    or

    Export to Snippet

    Are you sure?

    Do you really want to delete this note?
    All users will lose their connection.

    Create a note from template

    Create a note from template

    Oops...
    This template has been removed or transferred.
    Upgrade
    All
    • All
    • Team
    No template.

    Create a template

    Upgrade

    Delete template

    Do you really want to delete this template?
    Turn this template into a regular note and keep its content, versions, and comments.

    This page need refresh

    You have an incompatible client version.
    Refresh to update.
    New version available!
    See releases notes here
    Refresh to enjoy new features.
    Your user state has changed.
    Refresh to load new user state.

    Sign in

    Forgot password
    or
    Sign in via Google Sign in via Facebook Sign in via X(Twitter) Sign in via GitHub Sign in via Dropbox Sign in with Wallet
    Wallet ( )
    Connect another wallet

    New to HackMD? Sign up

    By signing in, you agree to our terms of service.

    Help

    • English
    • 中文
    • Français
    • Deutsch
    • 日本語
    • Español
    • Català
    • Ελληνικά
    • Português
    • italiano
    • Türkçe
    • Русский
    • Nederlands
    • hrvatski jezik
    • język polski
    • Українська
    • हिन्दी
    • svenska
    • Esperanto
    • dansk

    Documents

    Help & Tutorial

    How to use Book mode

    Slide Example

    API Docs

    Edit in VSCode

    Install browser extension

    Contacts

    Feedback

    Discord

    Send us email

    Resources

    Releases

    Pricing

    Blog

    Policy

    Terms

    Privacy

    Cheatsheet

    Syntax Example Reference
    # Header Header 基本排版
    - Unordered List
    • Unordered List
    1. Ordered List
    1. Ordered List
    - [ ] Todo List
    • Todo List
    > Blockquote
    Blockquote
    **Bold font** Bold font
    *Italics font* Italics font
    ~~Strikethrough~~ Strikethrough
    19^th^ 19th
    H~2~O H2O
    ++Inserted text++ Inserted text
    ==Marked text== Marked text
    [link text](https:// "title") Link
    ![image alt](https:// "title") Image
    `Code` Code 在筆記中貼入程式碼
    ```javascript
    var i = 0;
    ```
    var i = 0;
    :smile: :smile: Emoji list
    {%youtube youtube_id %} Externals
    $L^aT_eX$ LaTeX
    :::info
    This is a alert area.
    :::

    This is a alert area.

    Versions and GitHub Sync
    Get Full History Access

    • Edit version name
    • Delete

    revision author avatar     named on  

    More Less

    Note content is identical to the latest version.
    Compare
      Choose a version
      No search result
      Version not found
    Sign in to link this note to GitHub
    Learn more
    This note is not linked with GitHub
     

    Feedback

    Submission failed, please try again

    Thanks for your support.

    On a scale of 0-10, how likely is it that you would recommend HackMD to your friends, family or business associates?

    Please give us some advice and help us improve HackMD.

     

    Thanks for your feedback

    Remove version name

    Do you want to remove this version name and description?

    Transfer ownership

    Transfer to
      Warning: is a public team. If you transfer note to this team, everyone on the web can find and read this note.

        Link with GitHub

        Please authorize HackMD on GitHub
        • Please sign in to GitHub and install the HackMD app on your GitHub repo.
        • HackMD links with GitHub through a GitHub App. You can choose which repo to install our App.
        Learn more  Sign in to GitHub

        Push the note to GitHub Push to GitHub Pull a file from GitHub

          Authorize again
         

        Choose which file to push to

        Select repo
        Refresh Authorize more repos
        Select branch
        Select file
        Select branch
        Choose version(s) to push
        • Save a new version and push
        • Choose from existing versions
        Include title and tags
        Available push count

        Pull from GitHub

         
        File from GitHub
        File from HackMD

        GitHub Link Settings

        File linked

        Linked by
        File path
        Last synced branch
        Available push count

        Danger Zone

        Unlink
        You will no longer receive notification when GitHub file changes after unlink.

        Syncing

        Push failed

        Push successfully