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    # 0126. Word Ladder II ###### tags: `Leetcode` `Hard` `FaceBook` `DFS` `BFS` `Backtracking` Link: https://leetcode.com/problems/word-ladder-ii/ ## 思路 是[0127. Word Ladder](https://hackmd.io/2F_Qo1tWSH2QKrMp6USYEw)的变种,127题是找出有几条最短路径,126多了要把最短路径print出来 因为找最短路径一定是用BFS,产生所有路径一定是用backtracking,因此我们需要在BFS的时候建一个tree出来,由于在bfs的时候,我们已经构建出了每个单词的neighbor,因此只需要记录每个单词的level数,就可以做backtracking了 这一题找neighbor的方法和在127里面写的不一样,不是用map,而是把26个字母放在每个位子上都尝试一遍,这样找一个word的邻居的时间复杂度是O(26 * M^2) M是字符串长度,因为进了两层回圈之后,还要花O(M),因为要产生新的字符串,才能去set里面看有没有contain 如果用127题的写法,构建map的时间复杂度是O(M^2 * N) N是word个数,然后每次找一个word的neighbor的时间复杂度是O(M^2),因为对于每一个char位置,都需要用*替换,一共替换M次,同时每次替换因为要产生新的字符串,还需要花O(M),因此相比之下,还是这题用的找neighbor的方法时间复杂度比较好 另外,一个de了很久的bug,是原本在57行后面,直接return了,没有先```curr.remove(curr.size-1)```,所以**backtracking一定要记得如果前面改了什么东西,return之前一定要改回去** ## Code ```java= class Solution { Map<String, List<String>> adjacentList; Set<String> dict; public List<List<String>> findLadders(String beginWord, String endWord, List<String> wordList) { adjacentList = new HashMap<>(); dict = new HashSet<>(wordList); Map<String, Integer> distance = new HashMap<>(); bfs(beginWord, endWord, distance); List<List<String>> ans = new ArrayList<>(); List<String> curr = new ArrayList<>(); backtracking(beginWord, endWord, distance, curr, ans); return ans; } public void bfs(String beginWord, String endWord, Map<String, Integer> distance){ Set<String> visited = new HashSet<>(); Queue<String> q = new LinkedList<>(); q.add(beginWord); int dist = 0; boolean findEnd = false; while(!q.isEmpty()){ int size = q.size(); for(int i = 0;i < size;i++){ String curr = q.poll(); if(visited.contains(curr)) continue; visited.add(curr); distance.put(curr, dist); // System.out.println(curr+" "+dist); if(endWord.equals(curr)) findEnd = true; getNeighbors(curr, dict); q.addAll(adjacentList.get(curr)); } dist++; if(findEnd){ return; } } } public void getNeighbors(String word, Set<String> dict){ List<String> neighbor = new ArrayList<>(); char[] charArray = word.toCharArray(); for(int i = 0;i < charArray.length;i++){ for(char ch='a'; ch<='z';ch++){ if(charArray[i] == ch) continue; char oldChar = charArray[i]; charArray[i] = ch; if(dict.contains(String.valueOf(charArray))){ neighbor.add(String.valueOf(charArray)); } charArray[i] = oldChar; } } adjacentList.put(word, neighbor); } public void backtracking(String startWord, String endWord, Map<String, Integer> distance, List<String> curr, List<List<String>> ans){ curr.add(startWord); if(startWord.equals(endWord)){ ans.add(new ArrayList<>(curr)); } else{ for(String next:adjacentList.get(startWord)){ if(!distance.containsKey(next)) continue; if(distance.get(next) == distance.get(startWord)+1){ // System.out.println(startWord+" "+next); backtracking(next, endWord, distance, curr, ans); } } } curr.remove(curr.size()-1); } } ```

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