---
tags: laravel
---
# 部署到雲端伺服器

## Introduction

When you're ready to deploy your Laravel application to production, there are some important things you can do to make sure your application is running as efficiently as possible. In this document, we'll cover some great starting points for making sure your Laravel application is deployed properly.

## Server Requirements

The Laravel framework has a few system requirements. You should ensure that your web server has the following minimum PHP version and extensions:

PHP >= 7.3
BCMath PHP Extension
Ctype PHP Extension
Fileinfo PHP Extension
JSON PHP Extension
Mbstring PHP Extension
OpenSSL PHP Extension
PDO PHP Extension
Tokenizer PHP Extension
XML PHP Extension
Server Configuration

### Nginx

If you are deploying your application to a server that is running Nginx, you may use the following configuration file as a starting point for configuring your web server. Most likely, this file will need to be customized depending on your server's configuration. If you would like assistance in managing your server, consider using a first-party Laravel server management and deployment service such as Laravel Forge.

Please ensure, like the configuration below, your web server directs all requests to your application's public/index.php file. You should never attempt to move the index.php file to your project's root, as serving the application from the project root will expose many sensitive configuration files to the public Internet:

server {
listen 80;
server_name example.com;
root /srv/example.com/public;

add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff";

index index.php;

charset utf-8;

location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
}

location = /favicon.ico { access_log off; log_not_found off; }
location = /robots.txt { access_log off; log_not_found off; }

error_page 404 /index.php;

location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $realpath_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}

location ~ /\.(?!well-known).* {
deny all;
}
}

## Optimization

### Autoloader Optimization
When deploying to production, make sure that you are optimizing Composer's class autoloader map so Composer can quickly find the proper file to load for a given class:

composer install --optimize-autoloader --no-dev

In addition to optimizing the autoloader, you should always be sure to include a composer.lock file in your project's source control repository. Your project's dependencies can be installed much faster when a composer.lock file is present.

### Optimizing Configuration Loading

When deploying your application to production, you should make sure that you run the config:cache Artisan command during your deployment process:

`php artisan config:cache`
This command will combine all of Laravel's configuration files into a single, cached file, which greatly reduces the number of trips the framework must make to the filesystem when loading your configuration values.

If you execute the config:cache command during your deployment process, you should be sure that you are only calling the env function from within your configuration files. Once the configuration has been cached, the .env file will not be loaded and all calls to the env function for .env variables will return null.

### Optimizing Route Loading

If you are building a large application with many routes, you should make sure that you are running the route:cache Artisan command during your deployment process:

`php artisan route:cache`
This command reduces all of your route registrations into a single method call within a cached file, improving the performance of route registration when registering hundreds of routes.

### Optimizing View Loading

When deploying your application to production, you should make sure that you run the view:cache Artisan command during your deployment process:

`php artisan view:cache`

This command precompiles all your Blade views so they are not compiled on demand, improving the performance of each request that returns a view.

## Debug Mode

The debug option in your config/app.php configuration file determines how much information about an error is actually displayed to the user. By default, this option is set to respect the value of the APP_DEBUG environment variable, which is stored in your .env file.

In your production environment, this value should always be false. If the APP_DEBUG variable is set to true in production, you risk exposing sensitive configuration values to your application's end users.

### Deploying With Forge / Vapor

#### Laravel Forge

If you aren't quite ready to manage your own server configuration or aren't comfortable configuring all of the various services needed to run a robust Laravel application, Laravel Forge is a wonderful alternative.

Laravel Forge can create servers on various infrastructure providers such as DigitalOcean, Linode, AWS, and more. In addition, Forge installs and manages all of the tools needed to build robust Laravel applications, such as Nginx, MySQL, Redis, Memcached, Beanstalk, and more.

#### Laravel Vapor

If you would like a totally serverless, auto-scaling deployment platform tuned for Laravel, check out Laravel Vapor. Laravel Vapor is a serverless deployment platform for Laravel, powered by AWS. Launch your Laravel infrastructure on Vapor and fall in love with the scalable simplicity of serverless. Laravel Vapor is fine-tuned by Laravel's creators to work seamlessly with the framework so you can keep writing your Laravel applications exactly like you're used to.

## 優化策略

#### 策略1 將多個CSS以及JS檔案打包成一個，以減少請求次數

如需詳情可參考 [Compiling Assets 如何將 js.css 等資源檔案打包成單一檔案](/tv5xNJ_ASn6acZuJmiboZw)

#### 策略2 將CSS和JS先行在本地端預載，以免堵塞到渲染流程

可利用preload設置，來先行預載較為龐大的檔案，如CSS.JS.影片.字型等檔案，以下為範例

預載CSS樣式，最好加入as為style來提示瀏覽器此為樣式檔案
<link rel="preload" href="{{asset('css/all.css')}}" as="style" type="text/css" />
預載字型檔案，最好加入as為font來提示瀏覽器此為字型檔案
<link rel="preload" href="{{asset('css/fonts/lined-icons.woff')}}" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous" as="font" />
預載腳本檔案，最好加入as為script來提示瀏覽器此為腳本檔案
<link rel="preload" href="{{asset('js/all.js')}}" as="script" />
載入CSS樣式，就如同之前那樣使用
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{{asset('css/all.css')}}" type="text/css" />

設定as屬性能讓瀏覽器獲得的好處如下幾點:

* 更精確地優化資源加載優先級
* 配對未來的加載需求，在適當的情況下，可重複利用同一資源
* 為資源應用正確的內容安全策略
* 為資源設置正確的 Accept 請求頭

#### 策略3 為Laravel應用加入快取

執行以下 Artisan 指令來針對設定檔與視圖進行快取

php artisan config:cache
php artisan route:cache
php artisan view:cache

#### 策略4 將應用NameServer指向到CloudFlare