Dada 劉永琦
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    # 反向 SSH 隧道建立流程 (Windows → Linux) ###### tags: `Data Engineering` ###### 更新日期: `2025-10-09` --- ## 背景說明 假設有以下需求 有一台專門跑 Spark 的遠端主機: remote_Spark_IP (所有排程程式都放在此主機) 且需要連線到 ES (ElasticSearch) 遠端主機: remote_ES_IP 撈資料 但是【Spark 主機和 ES 主機的連線不通】,唯【本機可以連通 ES 主機】 可循本教學的步驟,建立反向隧道讓【Spark ~ ES】跑通 當網管暫時沒空處理或還在等簽呈,也可以先行開發 ES 撈資料的功能 當你的 Windows 電腦位於公司內網、防火牆後或 CrowdStrike 阻擋入站 SSH 時, 你可以改用 **反向 SSH 隧道 (Reverse SSH Tunnel)**: 讓 Windows 主動連線到 Spark 主機 (remote_Spark_IP), 並將遠端 Elasticsearch (remote_ES_IP:9200) 的流量反向映射回 Spark 主機 這樣 Spark 主機即可透過本機埠 (127.0.0.1:19200) 連上 Elasticsearch, 無須直接連 Windows 或外部網路 --- ## 先決條件 | 項目 | 描述 | |------|------| | Windows 跳板機 | 已安裝 OpenSSH Client (內建於 Win10/11) | | Spark 主機 (Linux) | 可啟動 SSH Server (Port 22) | | Elasticsearch | IP: `remote_ES_IP`,Port: `9200` | | 目標轉發 | Spark 主機可透過 `127.0.0.1:19200` 訪問 ES | --- ## Step 1. 確認 Spark 主機開啟 SSH 服務 在 Spark 主機 (remote_Spark_IP) 上執行: ```bash sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y openssh-server sudo systemctl enable --now ssh sudo systemctl status ssh ``` 若顯示 **active (running)** 即代表 SSH 已啟動 --- ## Step 2. 測試 Spark 主機 SSH 是否可用 在 Windows PowerShell 測試: ```powershell ssh <linux_user>@remote_Spark_IP ``` 如果能登入或要求密碼,即代表連線通 --- ## Step 3. 在 Windows 建立反向隧道 於 Windows PowerShell(或 CMD)執行以下命令: ```powershell ssh -N -R 127.0.0.1:19200:remote_ES_IP:9200 <linux_user>@remote_Spark_IP ``` ### 參數解釋 | 參數 | 意義 | |-------|------| | `-N` | 不執行遠端指令,只建立隧道 | | `-R` | 建立反向轉發 (remote forwarding) | | `127.0.0.1:19200` | 在 Spark 主機上建立本地埠 19200 | | `remote_ES_IP:9200` | 對應的目標地址 (Elasticsearch) | | `<linux_user>@remote_Spark_IP` | SSH 登入的 Linux 帳號與 IP | 執行後畫面不會有輸出(代表隧道持續連線中) --- ## Step 4. 驗證反向隧道是否成功 在 Spark 主機上執行: ```bash curl http://127.0.0.1:19200/ ``` 如果出現 Elasticsearch JSON,如: ```json { "name" : "es-node01", "cluster_name" : "elasticsearch", "version" : { "number" : "7.10.2" }, "tagline" : "You Know, for Search" } ``` 即代表反向隧道成功運作! --- ## Step 5. 修改 Python 程式設定 在 `es_config.py` 或相關設定檔中修改: ```python host = "127.0.0.1" port = 19200 use_ssl = False ``` 之後 `collect_es_to_cassandra.py`、`merge_GA_ES.py` 等程式即可透過該隧道讀取 ES --- ## Step 6. 可選強化:持久化隧道 ### 方法 A:Windows 背景執行 使用 PowerShell 背景工作: ```powershell Start-Job { ssh -N -R 127.0.0.1:19200:remote_ES_IP:9200 <linux_user>@remote_Spark_IP } ``` ### 方法 B:Windows 啟動時自動執行 (.bat) 建立 `start_reverse_tunnel.bat`: ```bat @echo off ssh -N -R 127.0.0.1:19200:remote_ES_IP:9200 <linux_user>@remote_Spark_IP ``` 然後放入「啟動資料夾」: ``` C:\Users\<YourUser>\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup ``` --- ## Step 7. (可選) 讓其他主機也能使用 預設隧道僅限 Spark 主機 (127.0.0.1) 若希望讓 Spark 同網段的其他主機也能用, 可在 Spark 主機的 `/etc/ssh/sshd_config` 啟用: ``` GatewayPorts clientspecified ``` 並重啟 SSH: ```bash sudo systemctl restart ssh ``` 再將建立隧道的命令改為: ```powershell ssh -N -R 0.0.0.0:19200:remote_ES_IP:9200 <linux_user>@remote_Spark_IP ``` 這樣 Spark 主機上任何可訪問它的電腦都能透過該通道存取 ES --- ## 總結 | 角色 | 動作 | 說明 | |--------|--------|------| | Windows | 主動建立反向隧道 | 維持連線,將 ES 對映到 Spark 主機 | | Spark 主機 | 接收轉發 | 透過 127.0.0.1:19200 存取 ES | | Python 程式 | 連接本地 19200 | 安全、穩定、無需直接外網連線 |

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