Peiyun Lee
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    ###### tags: `前端技能樹` # Todolist with React (1) 終於差不多進入30天前端技能樹之旅的尾聲,最後就來利用系列後半部所學的 React,搭配 Redux、Styled-components 來個小試身手,實作一個待辦清單 Todolist 作品。 ## 建置專案 在本地建立一個 React 專案,要使用 Babel 和 webpack,將 React 寫出來的檔案轉換成瀏覽器讀得懂的 HTML、CSS 和JavaScript,建置的步驟其實有點繁瑣。 ### Create React App 很幸運的是有一個好工具 — Create React App,開啟想要放置專案的資料夾,在終端機輸入下面的一行指令,就能自動幫我們建立好一個 React專案。 ```properties npx create-react-app my-app ``` 用 Vscode 開啟新增的 ```my-app``` 專案,看到的架構應該會是下面的樣子: ``` my-app ├── README.md ├── node_modules ├── package.json ├── .gitignore ├── public │ ├── favicon.ico │ ├── index.html │ ├── logo192.png │ ├── logo512.png │ ├── manifest.json │ └── robots.txt └── src ├── App.css ├── App.js ├── App.test.js ├── index.css ├── index.js ├── logo.svg ├── serviceWorker.js └── setupTests.js ``` 並且清除專案預設但我們不需要的程式碼,將網頁的畫面清空: index.js ```javascript= import React from "react"; import ReactDOM from "react-dom"; import App from "./App"; ReactDOM.render( <React.StrictMode> <App /> </React.StrictMode>, document.getElementById("root") ); ``` app.js ```javascript= function App() { return ( <div className="App"> App </div> ); } export default App; ``` ### React-redux / Styled-components 接著安裝用來管理資料狀態的 React-redux ```npm npm install --save react-redux ``` 以及能夠為 React Component 設置樣式的 Styled-components ```npm npm install --save styled-components ``` ### 圖片檔 待辦清單的設計稿和會用到的圖示可以從[範例程式碼](https://github.com/peiyunlee/ithome-21ironman-todolist)下載,圖片檔放在 src / assets 內。 ## 拆解 UI 開始進入實作待辦清單的步驟,首先要做的就是觀察視覺設計稿,用 React 的架構思考,將 UI 拆解成 Component,預先設想好要建立那些元件。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/iJQzRdn.png) 依據每個 Component 只會負責一件事的原則,大概可以將 UI 拆解成這五個 Component: <style> .markdown-body li { margin: 3px 0; list-style-type: disc; } </style> - App(紫色):包含全部內容 - AddTask(紅色):負責新增Task的區塊 - TaskList(黑色):負責列出待辦事項,包含篩選器跟清單 - Filter(綠色):控制篩選 - TaskItem(橘色):待辦項目 ![](https://i.imgur.com/FMageQN.png) ### 專案架構 將這幾個 Components 的檔案先建立好,放在 components 資料夾內: ``` my-app ├── ... └── src ├── components ├── App.js ├── TaskList.js ├── Filter.js ├── TaskItem.js ├── ... ``` ## 初始化 Components 第二個步驟,建立一個靜態版本的網頁,將每個 Component 的架構建立好,只要渲染網頁需要的 Element,不需要進行新增元件樣式跟處理待辦事項的資料。 ### App ![](https://i.imgur.com/SrPnPSR.png) App Component 會包含一個標題,以及新增任務輸入框 AddTask Component 和任務清單 TaskList Component: App.js ```jsx= import TaskList from "./TaskList"; import AddTask from "./AddTask"; function App() { return ( <div> <h1>Todolist</h1> <AddTask /> <TaskList /> </div> ); } export default App; ``` ### AddTask ![](https://i.imgur.com/DLrJbkZ.png) AddTask Component 有 ```input``` 文字類型的輸入框,裡面的 ```placeholder``` 可以表示還沒輸入時的文字;而另外還有新增任務的按鈕,並且會使用到 Icon: AddTask.js ```jsx= import addIcon from "../assets/icon/add.png"; function AddTask() { return ( <div> <input type="text" placeholder={"Add new task ..."} /> <button> <img src={addIcon} alt=""/> </button> </div> ); } export default AddTask; ``` ### TaskList ![](https://i.imgur.com/h3OIq9K.png) TaskList Component 會包含上方的篩選器 Filter 和任務清單,目前就先預設好顯示三個項目 TaskItem: TaskList.js ```jsx= import Filter from "./Filter"; import TaskItem from "./TaskItem"; function TaskList() { return ( <div> <Filter /> <div> <TaskItem /> <TaskItem /> <TaskItem /> </div> </div> ); } export default TaskList; ``` ### Filter ![](https://i.imgur.com/mDYmgPP.png) Filter Component 包含三個按鈕,分別可以篩選全部 / 待辦 / 完成的任務: Filter.js ```jsx= function Filter() { return ( <div> <button>All</button> <button>Todo</button> <button>Done</button> </div> ); } export default Filter; ``` ### TaskItem ![](https://i.imgur.com/WcJlCtt.png) TaskItem Component 除了任務名稱、可以刪除任務的刪除按鈕,還會包含 ```input``` 勾選類型的輸入框,當完成任務時可以勾選: TaskItem.js ```jsx= import checkIcon from "../assets/icon/check.png"; function TaskItem(props) { return ( <div> <input type="checkbox"/> <div>TaskName</div> <button>Delete</button> </div> ); } export default TaskItem; ``` 完成上方建立所有 Component 的步驟後,畫面應該會像下面這個樣子: ![](https://i.imgur.com/M0EOPfM.png) *** ## 小結 建置專案環境、並且拆離UI設定好所有 Component 後,在下一篇文章,就要使用套件 Styled-components 來為元素添加樣式,讓畫面跟設計稿一樣,那我們就明天見囉! [範例程式碼](https://github.com/peiyunlee/ithome-21ironman-todolist) 如果文章中有錯誤的地方,要麻煩各位大大不吝賜教;喜歡的話,也要記得幫我按讚訂閱喔❤️

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