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    --- title: Ajax簡介 tags: 暑假 --- AJAX簡介 === ![](https://i.imgur.com/pKen9OM.png) AJAX 全名是「Asynchronous JavaScript and XML」, 即“==非同步==JavaScript和XML”的意思。 在網頁上的功能主要是用於**網頁前端**與**後端伺服器**==溝通與互動== 前後端的實體以外,在進行 AJAX 之前再來認識幾個專有名詞,分別是 ==API==、==請求==、==回應==。 >簡單說就是網頁不用重新整理,就能即時地透過瀏覽器去跟伺服器溝通,撈出資料。 ### AJAX 優點 在Ajax的幫助下我們的網頁只需區域性重新整理即可更新資料的顯示,減少了不必要的資料量,大大提高了使用者體驗,縮短了使用者等待的時間,使得web應用程式更小、更快,更友好。 ### API 接口: 所有的 AJAX 都會有對應的 API 接口,API 的接口就是一段網址,不同的網址也對應不同的「HTTP 請求方法」(請求方法會在後面的段落進行介紹),請求方法必須與網址完全對應才可運作。 API 接口就如同點餐的櫃檯,依據用戶想要點的品項、餐點選擇不同的櫃檯。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/3QblrCh.png) ### 網頁端請求 AJAX 會統一由網頁端發出請求(無論是為了新增資源或取得資源都一律由網頁端發起),依據不同的接口、請求方法進行請求,而伺服器會依據請求的方法、內容來進行回應。 >請求就如同點餐的顧客,會先說明想要什麼樣的餐點、客製化需求、詢問品項細節等抖。 ### 伺服器回應 當收到請求後,伺服器會依據請求的方法、內容與資料庫取得資源並統整過濾後進行回應。 >回應是櫃台服務員對於顧客端的回應 如:點餐內容可被接受則加入購物車,如果點餐錯誤則給予顧客適當的回報。 ### 關於 HTTP 請求方法 所有的 API 都有對應的 HTTP 請求方法(request methods),方法與 API 完全一致時,後端才能依據請求回應資源;反之,方法與 API 無法對應時就會出現錯誤(404 找不到路徑)。 ### 常見的請求方法如下: - #### GET:請求特定的資源,不會提交任何資源,伺服器僅會依據條件進行回應。 - #### POST:提交特定的資源,通常會用來新增資源或是用以改變狀態使用(登入、註冊等等)。 -> 伺服器會回應新增或改變狀態的結果。 - #### PUT:取代指定的資源,通常用於完整更新。 -> 伺服器會回應更新的結果。 - #### PATCH:更新指定資源,通常用於部分資源更新。 -> 伺服器會回應更新的結果。 - #### DELETE:刪除特定的資源。 -> 伺服器會回應刪除的結果。 - #### HTTP 請求方法:get - API 路徑:https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1 - 伺服器回應:.then((res) => { /* ... */ }) ![](https://i.imgur.com/XRsgFDs.png) ---- 參考網站 [AJAX 完整解說系列:基礎觀念](https://www.casper.tw/development/2020/09/30/about-ajax/) [Getting a resource](https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/guide/) [淺析Ajax語法](https://codertw.com/%E5%89%8D%E7%AB%AF%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC/251753/) ----------- 圖片合成素材 [點餐]:https://cgt.hk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CGT_POS_Section_02.png [點餐系統]:https://www.cashier.tw/img/Group10242.png

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