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# 2016q3 Homework01 (phonebook) contributed by <`hugikun999`> Reviewed by <`heathcliffYang`> ## Reviewed by `heathcliffYang` 在拿到一份程式碼之後,可以先嘗試把所有的程式碼理解、仔細看Makefile裡到底有那些指令,就可以大略知道這份程式碼的目的,也才不會走很多冤枉路(也是我的切身之痛QQQQQ) 如果時間足夠的話,應該可以再花更多力氣嘗試不同的優化方法,或者嘗試不同的data set ## 開發環境 * OS: Ubuntu16.04 LTS * CPU: i7-4712MQ * RAM: 8G * Disk: 200G ![](https://i.imgur.com/CK2i7GP.png) 安裝完成進入系統後發現File和Trash無法打開,重新開機後這個問題就消失了。另外我安裝的是英文版本,所以參考了網路上的作法安裝了ibus的拼音輸入。 [如何在 Ubuntu 16.04 上使用預設的 ibus 中文輸入法 (及如何使用倉頡萬用字元) ](it.livekn.com/2016/05/ubuntu-1604-ibus.html) ## Github 我以前曾經使用過github上面的source code,但是沒有自己的github帳戶,算是第一次使用。花了一些時間在github的ssh上面,主要是參考官方網站的教學的教學,比較不一樣的是我沒有用到xclip。 * 複製ssh key ``` $ cd .ssh $ vim id_rsm.pub ``` ## Perf ``` $ perf list //perf可以觸發的event $ perf stat //顯示出統計結果 $ perf stat -e cache-misses //記錄cache $misses的情況 $ perf stat --repeat //重覆執行 $ perf top //即時監測正在運行的工作 $ perf record //統計函式級別的運作 $ perf record -g //更詳細記錄每個函式 $ perf record -F //增加取樣頻率 $ perf report //觀看perf record的結果 ``` ## Phonebook ### 遇到的問題 * make plot出來的圖表不會更新(已解決)->記得要刪除orig.txt和opt.txt才會產生正確的圖表 我只有在下載phonebook後的第一次make plot才會有正確圖表產生,之後做的修改可以成功執行並cache-misses有正確的改變,但是圖表仍會出現第一次的結果。 ### 優化方法 記錄一些平常可能會用到的優化想法和這次的目標 * 數據的分離或合併-如果有些數據是經常一起使用,可以將這些數據定意為一個結構體,減少之間的距離。如果一個結構體內有些資料較常用到就可以另建一個結構體給它們。 * 在陣列中,同一行的資料是相臨的,同一列卻不是。 * 減少cache misses * 減少instruction * binary search tree ### function ``` strcasecmp(const char* s1,const char* s2) ``` 說明:比較s1和s2字串的長度,會忽略大小寫。 回傳值: 0 字串相符; >0 s1長度大於s2; <0 s1 長度小於s2 > ``` malloc(size_t size) ``` 說明:配置一個size大小的空間並回傳地址,此函式所配置的記憶體在程式結束前不會歸還,必須使用free()才能將記憶體歸還。 回傳值:動態計憶體的位置。 ``` fgets(char* str, int n, FILE* stream) ``` 說明:將streamn所指向的文件複製到str字串中,n指的是最大被讀取的字符數。 回傳值: successful 回傳str; 若為文件的最後回傳null pointer; error 回傳null pointer ### 未優化 底下是尚未優化執行100次的結果,可以發現cache-misses高達84.843%,instruction也多達2意6千萬次,由此可知從減少cache misses是一個明顯的目標。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/p4hTSmS.png) ### 優化後 1.重新寫一個結構體:原本的entry中存有許多的資料,真正用到的卻只有lastname和pNext,所以我寫了一個other去放其它的資料,可以看到cache misses已經降低了許多,instruction卻沒有明顯的減少。另外由於other沒有malloc()給它,所以append()的時間沒有增加。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/vljXooI.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/dIkCgUJ.png) ```C typedef struct __PHONE_BOOK_OTHER { char firstName[16]; char email[16]; char phone[10]; char cell[10]; char addr1[16]; char addr2[16]; char city[16]; char state[2]; char zip[5]; } other; typedef struct __PHONE_BOOK_ENTRY { char lastName[MAX_LAST_NAME_SIZE]; other *other; struct __PHONE_BOOK_ENTRY *pNext; } entry; ``` 如果在append()中將other配置記憶體會造成幾乎所有數據都變更差。 ```C entry *append(char lastName[], entry *e) { e->other = (other *) malloc(sizeof(other)); e->pNext = (entry *) malloc(sizeof(entry)); e = e->pNext; strcpy(e->lastName, lastName); e->pNext = NULL; return e; } ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/YCBOdFD.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/emb3HJR.png) 2.Hash function:原本的搜尋方法必須從頭到尾每一筆資料都比對,透過hash function先將資料依照開頭字母做分類,我在entry中多加了一個pOther,在append()時先比對第一個字母如果不同則將指標指向pOther,如此一來便可大幅減少花在findname()的時間。但是會造成在append()的時間小幅上升,另外分類的寫法必須建立在database已經按字母排序的前題下。 ```C typedef struct __PHONE_BOOK_ENTRY { char lastName[MAX_LAST_NAME_SIZE]; other *other; struct __PHONE_BOOK_ENTRY *pNext; struct __PHONE_BOOK_ENTRY *pOther; } entry; ``` ```C static entry *record; static int i=0; /* FILL YOUR OWN IMPLEMENTATION HERE! */ entry *findName(char lastname[], entry *pHead) { /* TODO: implement */ pHead = pHead ->pNext; while (pHead != NULL) { if(lastname[0] == pHead->lastName[0]) { if (strcasecmp(lastname, pHead->lastName) == 0) return pHead; pHead = pHead->pNext; } else pHead = pHead->pOther; } return NULL; } entry *append(char lastName[], entry *e) { // e->other = (other *) malloc(sizeof(other)); if( i == 0 ) { e->pNext = (entry *) malloc(sizeof(entry)); e = e->pNext; strcpy(e->lastName, lastName); e->pNext = NULL; i++; record = e; return e; } else if(e->lastName[0] == lastName[0]) { e->pNext = (entry *) malloc(sizeof(entry)); e = e->pNext; strcpy(e->lastName, lastName); e->pNext = NULL; return e; } else { e = record; e->pOther = (entry *) malloc(sizeof(entry)); e = e->pOther; strcpy(e->lastName, lastName); e->pNext = NULL; record = e; return e; } } ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/fv2KqWu.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/3k3RP7K.png)

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