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    # 小白笔记一:在中文区如何理解NFT? --- **文章主要用于科普与学习,不构成任何投资建议。数字货币领域投资风险极高,可能会导致投资资产全部清空,请谨慎对待。** # Getting Started ## 以太坊入门知识 >什么是以太坊链? 1.比特币是第一代区块链典型代表 -开放的,公共的,无许可的网络 -比特币区块链只能保护比特币这一种加密代币 2.以太坊是第二代区块链网络 -开放的,公共的,无许可的网络 -拥有自己的原生代币,叫做Ether,就是ETH。 3.二者区别点: 以太坊区块链上可以部署所有类型的应用程序。以太坊是去中心化应用程序(Dapps)的互联网,运行任何的应用程序,不需要第三方服务提供商和平台所有者(谷歌,亚马逊,腾讯,阿里退!退!退!🤺🤺🤺)。 4.以太坊链最重要的功能是什么? 智能合约(smart contract) -智能合约是不可改变的计算机程序(敲黑板!),在以太坊区块链上确定性地运行。 -不变性是一个新颖且强大的特性(再次敲黑板),一旦部署,智能合约的代码就无法改变或者停止。 -修改智能合约的唯一方法是部署一个新的实例。 -革命性的:在理论上,各方的每一次互动,可以自动化,可以在智能合约中编程,并被信任为按程序运行,没有中间人或者审查制度。 5.Ether是以太坊链中的唯一代币吗? NO!以太坊是一个多代币网络 以太坊不仅拥有自己的代币(Ether),同时支持可以创建额外的代币。 -有些代币是同质化的(fungible),支持ERC-20;而另外一些是非同质化的(non-fungible),支持ERC-721,ERC-1155。 下图中为一些ERC-20代币 ![](https://i.imgur.com/7rcypnP.png) -ERC-20代币是同质化的,意味着同类代币之间的价值相等,可以互换,例如BTC,ETH;而ERC-721,ERC-1155代币是非同质化的,意味着每个代币的价值各自不同,例如无聊猿中每个猿都有其独特的价值。 -你可以认为NFT是独特的代币。 以太坊代币受三种ERC标准约束 -ERC-20.同质化代币标准(2015):以太坊区块链上最广泛使用的可替换代币标准。 -ERC-721.非同质化代币标准(2018):以太坊区块链上最广泛使用的NFT标准。 -ERC-1155.多代币标准(2018):管理多种代币类型的智能合约标准,单个部署的智能合约能够讲同质化代币,非同质化代币等进行任意组合。 6.在NFT市场,ERC-721到底有多牛呢? -该标准提供了track&transfer NFT的基本功能。 -通过智能合约编程语言(如Solidity)编写代码创建。 -在大多数NFT项目中由服务提供商创建,并且只需要很少甚至不需要的编程进行创建(牛蛙牛蛙) 7.ERC-1155的创新之处在哪里呢? -如上所提到,ERC-1155为管理多种代币类型的智能合约实现一个标准对接口,实现多个代币可以在同一个智能合约中共存。 -一次转移多个代币类型,节省交易成本。 -支持多个代币的交易,从而消除了单独批准个别代币合约的需要。 -在gamefi或者元宇宙的应用中,能够同时结合同质化代币和非同质化代币。 -**注意,ERC-721依旧是在NFT领域是最受欢迎的,而ERC-1155有望更多的应用在gamefi或者更加深层次的领域。** ![](https://i.imgur.com/XVOwFWe.png) -想看看大佬怎么说? https://micobo.medium.com/security-tokens-an-erc-standards-comparison-919e7c379f37 --- >NFT=图片?不,NFT>图片! -在大部分情况下,由于区块链上储存数据的费用是,图像并不储存在区块链上。而在区块链上只储存一个图像的“指针”(pointer)。 -元数据(metadata:description,attributes,image,etc)等则储存在去中心化的平台。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/8jrOxm7.png) -IPFS与Arweave是领先的去中心化储存网络 -IPFS(Interplanetary File System)分布式储存协议,允许作为全球点对点网络的一部分储存和分发唯一可识别文件。 -Arweave是另外一种设计理念的分布式储存协议,储存成本随时间推移而快速下降。 -IPFS和Arweave是在NFT领域中分散是储存和集中式服务器的良好解决方案。 链上存储 -链上存储是指实际资产保存在区块链本身上。当所有资产文件都储存在链上后,称其为“natively on chain”(一些项目方拿这个糊弄人) -链上保存资产可以保留区块链的所有一阶特征:不变,分散管理,没有单点故障等。 -这仅针对用代码描述的艺术作品可行。而对于像摄影这样的,从技术/经济上难以实现。 ## 正式课:什么是NFT? >**什么是NFT?** 1.NFT概念阐述 NFT,字面意思是non-fungible token,是一种基于标准的,可互操作的技术,用于无形资产的互联网原生直接所有权。 如何理解NFT? -类别于土地产权证,产权证不是土地,而是拥有该土地的证明。我们在购买与出售土地时,实际出售的是土地的产权证。 2.NFT运用领域的未来畅想 ![](https://i.imgur.com/U9BZF4O.png) NFT的发展阶段 -早期的NFT项目皆带有收藏品/游戏的意味。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/HXvI4I3.png) -PFP(Profile Pictures)是当前NFT市场上占比最大的类别。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/Q9rR7Vf.png) -链上生成艺术是NFT中最大的艺术类别。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/rwJpGwC.png) -1 of 1属于NFT中独特的一类,会被认为是真正的艺术。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/6n7OsXR.png) -gamfi NFT 与Metverse land等预计在未来有较快的增长。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/keyoUnR.png) -基于效用的NFT,例如域名或者访问权限,尚未被大规模开发。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/cpvXoKJ.png) -与实物相绑定的NFT,NFT作为通往物理世界的“桥梁”,预计在2020年代的后半时期发展起来。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/WpjVOqo.png) 四象限模型 ![](https://i.imgur.com/TtSvb29.png) cryptopunk #6529 “无形的资产是世界上资产的最高表现形式”。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/bMUofOR.png) ## 更多阅读 Technical Specifications • https://ethereum.org/en/nft/#build-with-nfts • https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/standards/tokens/erc-721/ • https://blog.enjincoin.io/erc-1155-the-crypto-item-standard-ac9cf1c5a226 • https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2309 o Punk 6529 Tweetstorms: •https://twitter.com/punk6529/status/1429399888786333697 •**Coming soon in easier-to-read format** o NFT markets • The NFT Valuations Market Report: https://static.nftvaluations.com/reports/20221005%20-%20NFT%20Market%20Report%20Teaser.pdf

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