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# HTML中的 <head> 元素 ## 什麼是`<head>`元素 `<head>`元素是用來放一些描述網頁的資料,元素除裡的內容(除了title以外)不會顯示網頁上。 ## head元素內含的子元素 - **title元素**: 網頁文件的標題,會出現在瀏覽器視窗左上方的標題區域,在head元素裡只能有一個title元素。 - **meta元素**: #### 描述HTML文件的相關資訊,資訊內容由name與content屬性來決定 - **name屬性**: - 用來表示文件的中介資料項目名稱 - 可使用的屬性值有:author(作者),description(網頁內容描述),keywords(關鍵字)...等 - **content屬性**: 用來表示中介資料項目的內容 - **charset屬性**: 定義網頁的字元編碼方式,建議指定的值為UTF-8 - **http-equiv屬性**: - 透過預先定義的關鍵字表示某些特定狀態的意義 - 可使用的屬性值有:refresh(刷新時間) - **viewport屬性**: - **Width(寬度)**: 因手機尺寸相當多,所以很難設定成固定的寬度,所以只要設定成`width=device-width`就可以自動抓取手機畫面得寬度。 - **inital-scale(預設縮放倍率)**: 網頁在手機上載入時預設的縮放倍率,若沒有特殊需求通常設定為 1,也就是100%原始大小。 - **maximum-scale(最大縮放倍率)**: 使用者可以手動縮放的最大倍率。 - **user-scaleable(使用者是否可以手動縮放)**: 如果不希望使用者自己去做縮放的話,可以設定成 no 或者 0 ,反之則是 yes 或者 1 - style元素:CSS樣式撰寫 - script元素:JS程式碼撰寫 :::spoiler 備註 - 在 `<head>` 部分使用 `<script>` 用於引入外部的 JavaScript 文件或其他類型的腳本。 - 建議使用 defer 或 async 屬性來控制腳本的執行時間,以避免阻塞頁面加載。 ::: #### Facebook 社群相關 <meta og:Tag> OG:Tag 是 Open Graph Tag 的簡稱,一開始是 Facebook 提出的規範,後來許多社群網站跟進,描述希望被抓取的資訊 - og:url - 網頁的標準網址 - og:type - 內容的媒體類型 - 此標籤會影響內容在動態消息中的顯示方式 - 未指定類型,將預設為 website - og:title - 網站的標題 - 如果沒有設此標籤,則爬蟲會抓取 則爬蟲會抓取 title 標籤 的內容 - og:image - 網站預覽圖 url - 檔案大小:< 8MB - 檔案尺寸:建議尺寸 1200x630 - og:image:alt - 網站預覽圖的alt屬性 - og:description - 描述或摘要 - 如果沒有設此標籤,則爬蟲會抓取 <meta content="description"> 標籤中屬性 content 的內容 :::spoiler `<head>`元素範例 ```HTML= <head> <!-- 網頁相關資訊 --> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="author" content="作者"> <meta name="keywords" content="關鍵字1,關鍵字2"> <meta name="date" content="日期"> <meta name="description" content="網頁內容描述"> <meta name="generator" content="開發工具"> <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="刷新時間(秒);url=路徑"> <meta property="og:url" content="網頁的標準網址" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="網頁標題" /> <meta property="og:image" content="網站預覽圖" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="網站預覽圖的alt" /> <meta property="og:description" content="網站描述或摘要" /> <!-- meta name="viewport" 針對RWD設定 --> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>網站的標題</title> <!-- 延遲執行的外部腳本 --> <script src="script.js" defer></script> <style>CSS樣式宣告</style> </head> ``` ::: ------------------------------------------------------------ <div style="font-size: 12px;"> <b style="font-size: 16px;">備註:</b> <p style="font-size: 14px;">Google 已於 2009年 決定網站排名時不會參考 meta keywords <a href="https://developers.google.com/search/blog/2009/09/google-does-not-use-keywords-meta-tag?hl=zh-tw" target="_blank">相關資訊</a></small> </div> ###### 以上為自學中的筆記如有錯誤,懇請留言指正,感謝!

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