RainBowT
  • NEW!
    NEW!  Connect Ideas Across Notes
    Save time and share insights. With Paragraph Citation, you can quote others’ work with source info built in. If someone cites your note, you’ll see a card showing where it’s used—bringing notes closer together.
    Got it
      • Create new note
      • Create a note from template
        • Sharing URL Link copied
        • /edit
        • View mode
          • Edit mode
          • View mode
          • Book mode
          • Slide mode
          Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
        • Customize slides
        • Note Permission
        • Read
          • Only me
          • Signed-in users
          • Everyone
          Only me Signed-in users Everyone
        • Write
          • Only me
          • Signed-in users
          • Everyone
          Only me Signed-in users Everyone
        • Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
      • Invite by email
        Invitee

        This note has no invitees

      • Publish Note

        Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note No publishing access yet

        Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
        Your note is now live.
        This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
        Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.

        Your account was recently created. Publishing will be available soon, allowing you to share notes on your public page and in search results.

        Your team account was recently created. Publishing will be available soon, allowing you to share notes on your public page and in search results.

        Explore these features while you wait
        Complete general settings
        Bookmark and like published notes
        Write a few more notes
        Complete general settings
        Write a few more notes
        See published notes
        Unpublish note
        Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
        View profile
      • Commenting
        Permission
        Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
      • Enable
      • Permission
        • Forbidden
        • Owners
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
      • Suggest edit
        Permission
        Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
      • Enable
      • Permission
        • Forbidden
        • Owners
        • Signed-in users
      • Emoji Reply
      • Enable
      • Versions and GitHub Sync
      • Note settings
      • Note Insights New
      • Engagement control
      • Make a copy
      • Transfer ownership
      • Delete this note
      • Save as template
      • Insert from template
      • Import from
        • Dropbox
        • Google Drive
        • Gist
        • Clipboard
      • Export to
        • Dropbox
        • Google Drive
        • Gist
      • Download
        • Markdown
        • HTML
        • Raw HTML
    Menu Note settings Note Insights Versions and GitHub Sync Sharing URL Create Help
    Create Create new note Create a note from template
    Menu
    Options
    Engagement control Make a copy Transfer ownership Delete this note
    Import from
    Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
    Export to
    Dropbox Google Drive Gist
    Download
    Markdown HTML Raw HTML
    Back
    Sharing URL Link copied
    /edit
    View mode
    • Edit mode
    • View mode
    • Book mode
    • Slide mode
    Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
    Customize slides
    Note Permission
    Read
    Only me
    • Only me
    • Signed-in users
    • Everyone
    Only me Signed-in users Everyone
    Write
    Only me
    • Only me
    • Signed-in users
    • Everyone
    Only me Signed-in users Everyone
    Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
  • Invite by email
    Invitee

    This note has no invitees

  • Publish Note

    Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note No publishing access yet

    Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
    Your note is now live.
    This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
    Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.

    Your account was recently created. Publishing will be available soon, allowing you to share notes on your public page and in search results.

    Your team account was recently created. Publishing will be available soon, allowing you to share notes on your public page and in search results.

    Explore these features while you wait
    Complete general settings
    Bookmark and like published notes
    Write a few more notes
    Complete general settings
    Write a few more notes
    See published notes
    Unpublish note
    Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
    View profile
    Engagement control
    Commenting
    Permission
    Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    Enable
    Permission
    • Forbidden
    • Owners
    • Signed-in users
    • Everyone
    Suggest edit
    Permission
    Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    Enable
    Permission
    • Forbidden
    • Owners
    • Signed-in users
    Emoji Reply
    Enable
    Import from Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
       Owned this note    Owned this note      
    Published Linked with GitHub
    • Any changes
      Be notified of any changes
    • Mention me
      Be notified of mention me
    • Unsubscribe
    # 二元分類(Binary Classification) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BymiJdrDyx.png) * True Positive(TP) * False Positive(FP) * True Negative(TN) * False Negative(FN) --- # 多元分類(Multi-Class Classification) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/ryexlurvJx.png) --- ## Setosa 類別 ### TP (True Positive) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HJin-_BPJg.png) 實際值與預測值皆為 Setosa。 值: Cell 1 = 16 ### FN (False Negative) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Sy9JMuHwyx.png) 該列中非 TP 的其他值總和。 計算: Cell 2 + Cell 3 = 0 + 0 = 0 ### FP (False Positive) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/S1YBfuHvJg.png) 該欄中非 TP 的其他值總和。 計算: Cell 4 + Cell 7 = 0 + 0 = 0 ### TN (True Negative) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/S1EKGurDJl.png) 除了該行與該列的其他值總和。 計算: Cell 5 + Cell 6 + Cell 8 + Cell 9 = 17 + 1 + 0 + 11 = 29 --- ### Accuracy(準確率) $$ Accuracy = \frac{TP + TN}{TP + TN + FP + FN} = \frac{16 + 29}{16 + 29 + 0 + 0} = 0 $$ ## Versicolor 類別 ### TP (True Positive) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/ryMzmuHwJe.png) 實際值與預測值皆為 Versicolor。 值: Cell 5 = 17 ### FN (False Negative) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SkTImdHDJx.png) 該列中非 TP 的其他值總和。 計算: Cell 4 + Cell 6 = 0 + 1 = 1 ### FP (False Positive) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BkS27OHPJe.png) 該欄中非 TP 的其他值總和。 計算: Cell 2 + Cell 8 = 0 + 0 = 0 ### TN (True Negative) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rkfm4_rD1g.png) 除了該行與該列的其他值總和。 計算: Cell 1 + Cell 3 + Cell 7 + Cell 9 = 16 + 0 + 0 + 11 = 27 --- ## Virginica 類別 ### TP (True Positive) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/r1laV_HP1l.png) 實際值與預測值皆為 Virginica。 值: Cell 9 = 11 ### FN (False Negative) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BJffSuHPyl.png) 該列中非 TP 的其他值總和。 計算: Cell 7 + Cell 8 = 0 + 0 = 0 ### FP (False Positive) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rJU4rOHv1x.png) 該欄中非 TP 的其他值總和。 計算: Cell 3 + Cell 6 = 0 + 1 = 1 ### TN (True Negative) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Hk7ISuHwkl.png) 除了該行與該列的其他值總和。 計算: Cell 1 + Cell 2 + Cell 4 + Cell 5 = 16 + 0 + 0 + 17 = 33 --- # 基於 Confusion Matrix 數據的指標 Accuracy(準確率): 準確率衡量模型在所有類別中預測的整體正確性。 $$ Accuracy = \frac{TP + TN}{TP + TN + FP + FN} $$ Precision (精確度): 精確度聚焦於正類預測的質量,表示預測為正類中實際為正類的比例。 $$ Precision = \frac{TP}{TP + FP} $$ Recall (召回率,也稱為敏感度): 衡量模型識別所有實際正類實例的能力。 $$ Recall = \frac{TP}{TP + FN} $$ F1-score: F1分數平衡了精確度(Precision)和召回率(Recall),提供了一個綜合的模型表現指標。 $$ F1-score = 2 \times \frac{Precision \times Recall}{Precision + Recall} $$ Specificity(特異度): 特異度,也稱為真陰性率,衡量模型正確識別負類實例的能力。 $$ Specificity = \frac{TN}{TN + FP} $$ --- # TPR, FPR, TNR, FNR, AUC ## TPR (True Positive Rate)(Recall) 表示正類預測正確的比例 $$ TPR = \frac{TP}{TP + FN} $$ ## FPR (False Positive Rate) 反類被錯誤預測為正類的比例 $$ FPR = \frac{FP}{FP + TN} $$ ## TNR (True Negative Rate) 反類預測正確的比例 $$ TNR = \frac{TN}{TN + FP} $$ ## FNR (False Negative Rate) 正類被錯誤預測為反類的比例 $$ FNR = \frac{FN}{TP + FN} $$ ## ROC曲線: 以FPR為橫軸,TPR為縱軸繪製的曲線。曲線越接近左上角,模型效果越好。 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/B1XoxKBPkg.png) AUC (Area Under Curve): ROC曲線下的面積,數值越大表示模型效果越好。 --- # 選擇適當的評估指標 評估指標的選擇取決於具體問題和不同類型錯誤的相對重要性: - 對於不平衡數據集,精確度、召回率和F1分數通常比單純的準確率更具參考價值。 - 當假陽性代價高昂時,應著重關注精確度。 - 當假陰性後果嚴重時,應優先考慮召回率。 - 使用F1分數可以平衡地看待精確度和召回率。 - 當正確識別負類案例很重要時,應考慮特異度。 --- # 參考 * [Analytics Vidhya - Latest Guide on Confusion Matrix for Multi-Class Classification](https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2021/06/confusion-matrix-for-multi-class-classification/) * [shona cnblog - 針對二分類的結果,對模型進行評估,通常有以下幾種方法](https://www.cnblogs.com/shona/p/10764445.html) * [GeeksforGeeks - Understanding the Confusion Matrix in Machine Learning](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/confusion-matrix-machine-learning/)

    Import from clipboard

    Paste your markdown or webpage here...

    Advanced permission required

    Your current role can only read. Ask the system administrator to acquire write and comment permission.

    This team is disabled

    Sorry, this team is disabled. You can't edit this note.

    This note is locked

    Sorry, only owner can edit this note.

    Reach the limit

    Sorry, you've reached the max length this note can be.
    Please reduce the content or divide it to more notes, thank you!

    Import from Gist

    Import from Snippet

    or

    Export to Snippet

    Are you sure?

    Do you really want to delete this note?
    All users will lose their connection.

    Create a note from template

    Create a note from template

    Oops...
    This template has been removed or transferred.
    Upgrade
    All
    • All
    • Team
    No template.

    Create a template

    Upgrade

    Delete template

    Do you really want to delete this template?
    Turn this template into a regular note and keep its content, versions, and comments.

    This page need refresh

    You have an incompatible client version.
    Refresh to update.
    New version available!
    See releases notes here
    Refresh to enjoy new features.
    Your user state has changed.
    Refresh to load new user state.

    Sign in

    Forgot password
    or
    Sign in via Google Sign in via Facebook Sign in via X(Twitter) Sign in via GitHub Sign in via Dropbox Sign in with Wallet
    Wallet ( )
    Connect another wallet

    New to HackMD? Sign up

    By signing in, you agree to our terms of service.

    Help

    • English
    • 中文
    • Français
    • Deutsch
    • 日本語
    • Español
    • Català
    • Ελληνικά
    • Português
    • italiano
    • Türkçe
    • Русский
    • Nederlands
    • hrvatski jezik
    • język polski
    • Українська
    • हिन्दी
    • svenska
    • Esperanto
    • dansk

    Documents

    Help & Tutorial

    How to use Book mode

    Slide Example

    API Docs

    Edit in VSCode

    Install browser extension

    Contacts

    Feedback

    Discord

    Send us email

    Resources

    Releases

    Pricing

    Blog

    Policy

    Terms

    Privacy

    Cheatsheet

    Syntax Example Reference
    # Header Header 基本排版
    - Unordered List
    • Unordered List
    1. Ordered List
    1. Ordered List
    - [ ] Todo List
    • Todo List
    > Blockquote
    Blockquote
    **Bold font** Bold font
    *Italics font* Italics font
    ~~Strikethrough~~ Strikethrough
    19^th^ 19th
    H~2~O H2O
    ++Inserted text++ Inserted text
    ==Marked text== Marked text
    [link text](https:// "title") Link
    ![image alt](https:// "title") Image
    `Code` Code 在筆記中貼入程式碼
    ```javascript
    var i = 0;
    ```
    var i = 0;
    :smile: :smile: Emoji list
    {%youtube youtube_id %} Externals
    $L^aT_eX$ LaTeX
    :::info
    This is a alert area.
    :::

    This is a alert area.

    Versions and GitHub Sync
    Get Full History Access

    • Edit version name
    • Delete

    revision author avatar     named on  

    More Less

    Note content is identical to the latest version.
    Compare
      Choose a version
      No search result
      Version not found
    Sign in to link this note to GitHub
    Learn more
    This note is not linked with GitHub
     

    Feedback

    Submission failed, please try again

    Thanks for your support.

    On a scale of 0-10, how likely is it that you would recommend HackMD to your friends, family or business associates?

    Please give us some advice and help us improve HackMD.

     

    Thanks for your feedback

    Remove version name

    Do you want to remove this version name and description?

    Transfer ownership

    Transfer to
      Warning: is a public team. If you transfer note to this team, everyone on the web can find and read this note.

        Link with GitHub

        Please authorize HackMD on GitHub
        • Please sign in to GitHub and install the HackMD app on your GitHub repo.
        • HackMD links with GitHub through a GitHub App. You can choose which repo to install our App.
        Learn more  Sign in to GitHub

        Push the note to GitHub Push to GitHub Pull a file from GitHub

          Authorize again
         

        Choose which file to push to

        Select repo
        Refresh Authorize more repos
        Select branch
        Select file
        Select branch
        Choose version(s) to push
        • Save a new version and push
        • Choose from existing versions
        Include title and tags
        Available push count

        Pull from GitHub

         
        File from GitHub
        File from HackMD

        GitHub Link Settings

        File linked

        Linked by
        File path
        Last synced branch
        Available push count

        Danger Zone

        Unlink
        You will no longer receive notification when GitHub file changes after unlink.

        Syncing

        Push failed

        Push successfully