ERC20 - ERC777 bridge

# ERC20 - ERC777 bridge ## Actors - **Alice** and **Charlie** are 2 users of a DApp and want to exchange value using an ERC20 token. - The **MainBridge** contract locks tokens on the mainnet. - The **ForeignBridge** contract manages the minting and burning of the equivalent tokens on the **Foreign chain** - A group of **validators** watches the ERC20 token events to trigger intra-chain - The list of **validators** (addresses) are stored in the MainBridge and ForeignBridge contracts - A **threshold** is set on how many signatures are required to execute the intra-chain transfers. - The validators **sign-off** on intra-chain token deposits or withdrawals. ## Assumptions on trust - Alice and Charlie **trust the majority** of the validators to act in their interest - Alice and Charlie assume the **minimum threshold of validators is always online** to process their intra-chain conversions. ## Setup An administrator ( currently the owner of the contracts ) adds an existing ERC20 token from the Main net in the ForeignBridge. This function creates a new (ERC777) token on the Foreign net and links the Mainnet address to the newly generated token. The validators watch these events , and start watching Transfer() events on both chains. These watches are filtered on - Transfers towards the MainBridge on the Main net - Transfers towards the Foreignbridge on the Foreign net ## Scenario 1. Alice has some 'Sample ERC20' tokens on the mainnet and goes from Main-net to Foreign-net. 2. On the Foreign-net, she will send tokens to Charlie. 3. Charlie then redeems his received Foreign-net tokens for Main-net tokens. ```sequence Title: Transfer to Foreign-net Alice->Sample ERC20: 'Send 10 token to MainBridge` Sample ERC20->MainBridge: transfers 10 token Validator-->Sample ERC20: Sees Transfer() event to MainBridge Validator->ForeignBridge: sign mint event Note left of ForeignBridge: validator 2 signs too Note left of ForeignBridge: validator 3 signs too Note left of ForeignBridge: when sign threshold is reached Validator->ForeignBridge: sign mint event Note right of ForeignBridge: finalize mint request ForeignBridge->Sample ERC777: mints 10 token for Alice ``` ```sequence Title: Usage on Foreign chain Alice->Sample ERC777: 'Send 1 token to Charlie' Sample ERC777->Charlie: transfers 1 token to Charlie ``` ```sequence Title: Redeem on Main-net Charlie->Sample ERC777: 'Send 1 token to ForeignBridge' Sample ERC777->ForeignBridge: transfers 1 token Note over ForeignBridge: creates withdraw request Validator-->Sample ERC777: Sees Transfer() event to ForeignBridge Validator->ForeignBridge: sign Withdraw request Note right of ForeignBridge: validator 2 signs Note right of ForeignBridge: validator 3 signs Note right of ForeignBridge: when sign threshold is reached Validator->ForeignBridge: sign Withdraw request Note right of ForeignBridge: finalize withdraw ForeignBridge->Sample ERC777: Burn 1 token Validator->MainBridge: withdraw(1,charlie) MainBridge->Charlie: transfer 1 Sample ERC20 token ``` ## notes - after this flow , Alice still has 9 tokens locked in the MainBridge contract - Alice can redeem her 9 tokens using the same flow as Charlie # Token incentive for withdrawal Alice needs the final withdrawal of her token executed on the main net - which costs gas. Alice has 2 options: - Alice executes the token withdrawal herself , using the validator signatures. She pays for the gas. - Alice can incentivize someone else to do the transaction for her. There is an incentivation scheme buit into the bridge , whereby Alice can offer a reward in tokens for anyone doing the final withdrawal transaction. This is by offering a number of tokens as a reward to whoever executes the transaction. ```sequence Title: Redeem on Main-net with token reward Alice->ForeignBridge: 'Send 10 token to ForeignBridge' Note over ForeignBridge: validation procedure takes place Note over ForeignBridge: validator signatures are stored Alice->ForeignBridge: 'I offer a reward of 1 SWT for doing my withdrawal' Note over ForeignBridge: alices reward signatures is stored ForeignBridge-->Charlie: charlie sees reward Note over Charlie: Charlie executes withdrawal Note over Charlie: ... using validators signatures Note over Charlie: ... and alice's reward signature Charlie->MainBridge: withdraw(10,alice) Note over MainBridge: bridge sends 9 tokens to alice , 1 to charlie ```