###### tags: `python`
# 資料型別
不同情境使用不同資料型別,可以簡化程式撰寫及錯誤發生
* 數值:
* int: 整數
* float: 浮點數
* complex: 複數
* bool: 布林
* 文字:
* str:字串
* 二元序列:
* bytes:位元組
* bytearry:位元陣列
* memoryview:
* 序列:
* list:串列、清單
* tuple:序對
* range:
* 集合:
* set:集合
* frozenset:
* 對映:
* dict:字典
---
## int(整數,沒有小數點)
```python=
i = 1 + 1
print(i)
```
## float(浮點數,有小數點)
```python=
j = 1.5 + 2.6
print(j)
```
## bool(布林,真/假)
```python=
k = True
l = 1 < 2
print(k, l)
```
## str(字串)
```python=
content = 'The mission of the Python'
print(content)
```
### 備註: 顯示變數的資料型態
```python=
type(100)
type(-12.5)
type(True)
type("hello")
```
---
|資料型態|可接受多資料型態|順序|改變內容|內容重複|
|--|--|--|--|--|
| list | V | 有 | 可 | 可 |
| tuple | V | 有| 不可 | 可 |
| set | V | 無 | 可 | 不可 |
| dict | V | 有 | 可 | key值不可重複 |
---
## list
```python=
i = ['amos', "taipei", 44]
print(i)
print(i[2]) # 44
i[1] = '台北'
print(i) # ['amos', "台北", 44]
```
```python=
i = [1, 100, 10, 5]
print(i[1])
i.append(0.2) # 追加資料
print(i)
i.insert(2, 50) # 從第2筆插入50
i.remove(1) # 移除list內第一個符合該內容的資料!
print(i)
i.index(1) # 取得1在list中的索引值(第幾位)
print(i)
i.pop(i) # 取出,採先進後出法
print(i)
i.sort() # 由小到大排序
print(i)
i.reverse() # 由大到小排序
print(i)
print( len(i) ) # 求list筆數
print( max(i) ) # 求list中最大值
print( min(i) ) # 求list中最小值
print( sum(i) ) # 將總list內的數值
i.clear() # 清除全部內容
print(i)
```
### 練習
:::info
請使用者輸入國文、英文、數學成績
顯示最高分數是幾分
:::
:::info
請使用者輸入想購買的水果名稱
顯示該商店是否有該水果可出售
fruit = ['香蕉', '鳳梨', '百香果', '釋迦', '梨子']
:::
## tuple
```python=
i = (1, "taipei", 2)
print(i)
```
## set
```python=
i = {1, "taipei", 5}
print(i)
print("taipei" in i) # True
i.add("高雄")
print(i) # {1, 5, '高雄', 'taipei'}
```
## dict
```python=
j = {
"id": "A1122",
"name": "Amos Tsai",
"year": 5
}
j["id"] = "AAAA"
member = {
"number": "1020501",
"name": "小傑",
"age": 32,
"sex": "M",
"interest": [
"網頁設計",
"撰寫文章"
]
}
member['interest'] # ["網頁設計", "撰寫文章"]
member['interest'][0] # 網頁設計
```
```python=
school = [
{ "id": "A1122", "name": "Amos Tsai", "year": 5 },
{ "id": "A1123", "name": "frank", "year": 3}
]
a = ["amos", "frank"]
print(school[1]['name'])
```
```python=
school = { "id": "A1122", "name": "Amos Tsai", "year": 5 }
school = list(school.values())
print(school)
print(type(school))
a = [123, 555, "abc"]
print(a)
print(type(a))
a = tuple(a)
print(a)
print(type(a))
```
:::info
### 補充說明
可利用dir()查詢該變數擁有哪些屬性及方法
```python=
list1 = [1, "taipei", 3]
tuple1 = (1, "taipei", 2)
set1 = {1, "taipei", 5}
dict1 = {
"id": "A1122",
"name": "Amos Tsai",
"year": 5
}
print(dir(list1))
print(dir(tuple1))
print(dir(set1))
print(dir(dict1))
```
:::
不同資料型別擁有哪些屬性及方法,之後會在特別介紹
:::info
### 補充說明
[中華民國電腦技能基金會 範例試卷](https://www.tqc.org.tw/user/Example/B973D99B-4C85-44B2-9133-BD34827395B4.pdf)
:::