2016q3 Homework (phonebook-concurrent) === contributed by <`kaizsv`> ## concurrent [Toward Concurrent](https://hackmd.io/s/H10MXXoT) ### Lock free 根據 [An Introduction to Lock-Free Programming](http://preshing.com/20120612/an-introduction-to-lock-free-programming/),lock-free可以解釋為,若multi-threads有共用的變數,且threads之間不會互相block,具體可以用`Atomic Read-Modify-Write Operations` `Compare-And-Swap Loops`來實作,而使用`CAS`要注意[ABA problem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABA_problem)。 ### Function programming 之前有看haskell的資料,覺得這篇很有趣[Functional programming in C](https://lucabolognese.wordpress.com/2013/01/04/functional-programming-in-c/),雖然我還不能完全理解內容,看起來是用`GLib`及一些`Macro`做的。 補充: [FLOLAC16](http://flolac.iis.sinica.edu.tw/flolac16/),[haskell tutorial](http://www.codedata.com.tw/social-coding/haskell-tutorial-1-helloworld/) ## phonebook 先放上原本的程式碼 ![](https://i.imgur.com/KL2SrNq.png) ### sysctl and code rewrite 先簡單的把程式碼順序對調一下,讓`#ifndef ... else ... endif`不會出現太多次,之後,老師建議可以用`sysctl`把系統中可用的threads-max找出來,就不用寫死的方式。 查一下資料,這些系統資料都放在`/proc/sys/kernel/`,直接用cat或`sysctl -a | less`可以查看許多核心參數。 我電腦的thread-max是62510,算法是`memory pages num / 4`,用簡單的function就可以取出來。但問題是append時間爆表了,圖片就不放上來了,將近1秒。 ```clike #include <sys/sysctl.h> int get_sysctl_threads_max() { int mib[2], threads_max; size_t len; mib[0] = CTL_KERN; mib[1] = KERN_MAX_THREADS; len = sizeof(threads_max); sysctl(mib, 2, &threads_max, &len, NULL, 0); return threads_max; } ``` ### C coroutine [Coroutines in C](http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/coroutines.html) [使用 coroutine 實做 user-level thread](http://blog.linux.org.tw/~jserv/archives/001848.html) [Duff's device](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duff%27s_device) 另外還有一些open library,[彥寬](https://hackmd.io/s/BkN1JNQp)的筆記提到,因為要等所有的threads完成,而有些threads可能會比較慢,我的[第一份作業](https://hackmd.io/s/S1h221Ba)是用pthreads加上mutex and condition來確保所有threads完成後才執行下面的事,再研究過上面的資料後,寫了一個簡單的版本。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/ISX3kPs.png) 結果竟然變得更慢,看了那麼久的資料卻做負功,目前的task number是2。 [Simon Tatham](http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/coroutines.html)的作法是用C語言的switch ... case當做goto,再用static變數紀錄目前狀態。 ```clike #define cr_start() \ static int __s = 0; \ switch (__s) { \ case 0: #define cr_yield() \ do { \ __s = __LINE__; \ return; \ case __LINE__:; \ } while (0) #define cr_finish() \ } \ __s = 0 ``` ```clike void task_run(char *p, task_info *task) { cr_start(); while (1) { task->pLast->lastName = p; task->pLast->pNext = task->entry_start; task->pLast = task->pLast->pNext; task->pLast->pNext = NULL; task->entry_start++; cr_yield(); } cr_finish(); } ``` ## concurrent link-list ###### tags: `assigment_6` `phonebook-concurrent`
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