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    # Analysis of Invisible Data Poisoning Backdoor Attacks against Malware Classifiers - 曾明慧,鄭欣明 {%hackmd @HITCON/rkYm1whdY %} > 針對惡意軟體分類器的隱蔽資料中毒後門攻擊之探討 針對惡意程式上的機器學習分類: - Stastic Analysis - Binary-based classfiler - Feature-based - Dynamic Analysis 動態較精準,但是,可能會針對環境去做特別指定。 - Challenges - Explainability 可解釋性: 機器學習還好說,但如果是 Deep Learning 是惡意程式,無法知道原因及改善方式? - Challenges - Roubustness 如果去錯誤引導或惡意校調,將惡意程式變成辨認時為正常程式,那就會造成可怕的後果。 ### 對抗式攻擊(Adversarial Attacks) Image Classification 在影像辨識上,針對每個解析度去做干擾,0-255,讓整個影像分析的工具誤判。 Malware detection - 可用轉換(Availabe Transformation) 但在惡意程式分類中,如果針對區塊做干擾,可能會導致程式無法執行。 - 功能保留(Funcationality-preserving) 在訓練資料時,去塞入一些程式內容,做訓練完模型之後,對它做攻擊。 ### Backdoor Attack 在訓練的時候就進行干擾Model 在訓練後門程式的時候,放一些trigger去控制變數。 我們的預期:讓惡意程式分類模型,將惡意程式識別為正常程式。才能有足夠的隱蔽性。 我剛剛去看了一下題目,他是針對機器學習的惡意程式的模型做干擾,沒錯嗎? 應該是吧? 類型 Typical Backdoor Attack 洗腦模型是惡意的殺人機器 => 改 Label Clean Label Backdoor Attack 我在圖片中沒有改動它的標籤(Label),但卻能讓他一眼看到【惡意程式】的標籤(Label)變成【正常程式】的標籤(Label),指鹿為馬! 可能性 因為並不是從零開始(pre-training module),所以我們要先了解它的識別特徵或檢測機制。 ~~否則就會發生給他錯的INPUT,他就會變成錯的 OUTPUT。(不是這個概念!)~~ 所以要先識別:偵測機制(Detect)跟特徵(feature) 挑戰 目標 - 挑選特徵樣本 所以我們就 - 後續在實作上,我們不針對模型去調整,而去對資料去做投毒。 --- 有針對分類器模型去做調整嗎? - 典型後門攻擊:改訓練資料 及 標籤資料 樣本資料(惡意程式)→ 計算特徵 → 選擇特徵 → 產出後門觸發器 → 植入樣本 => 辨識成正常程式 - Clean Lable: 樣本資料(惡意\一般程式)→ 計算特徵(兩種特徵) → 選擇特徵(看下面) → 產出後門觸發器 → 植入樣本 => 辨識成正常程式 後續產出該模型去做投毒訓練,訓練完之後會得到一個投毒分類器。 針對特徵挑選: 挑正常及捨去惡意程式特徵,如果同時存在正常跟異常式中,給予權重值去計算 之後會再跟正常樣本去做聯合訓練,讓它有更完整的結果。 #### 實驗結果 完全乾淨的資料集: 96 % 預測準確度: 99.69% 後門規避率: 93.59% 投毒率: 78.60% Clean Label 資料集: 預測準確度: 95.49 % 後門規避率: 95.34 % 投毒率: 99.67 % 驗證方式:用這些投毒的結果去訓練這些目標類別。 ## Q & A 1.以backdoor attack成立為前提,那我們是否可以大膽假設,目前世界上已存在大量假的訓練模型? 那我們又該如何應變? 及是否有具體辦法可以有效分辨訓練模型是否可信任呢? 對,所以我們都需要再去驗證模型的安全性。 可能拿到的常用模型,也有可能是一個惡意程式模型,所以未來也有機會往這個方向上。 2.應該要如何應用在防毒軟體上? 我們可能很難以拿到防毒軟體的演算法或模型,但我們可以透過雲端分析軟體去識別檢測的邏輯。 如果有機會可以拿到的話,能拿到原始碼最好,但最難, 但實務上可以拿到的部份就是逆向的結果,所以只能透過這種方式去做攻擊驗證。 ###### tags: `HITCON2021`,`HITCON`

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