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Architecture:          x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order:            Little Endian
CPU(s):                4
On-line CPU(s) list:   0-3
Thread(s) per core:    2
Core(s) per socket:    2
Socket(s):             1
NUMA node(s):          1
Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel
CPU family:            6
Model:                 142
Model name:            Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-7200U CPU @ 2.50GHz
Stepping:              9
CPU MHz:               477.740
CPU max MHz:           3100.0000
CPU min MHz:           400.0000
BogoMIPS:              5424.00
Virtualization:        VT-x
L1d cache:             32K
L1i cache:             32K
L2 cache:              256K
L3 cache:              3072K
NUMA node0 CPU(s):     0-3
Flags:                 fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc art arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf tsc_known_freq pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch epb intel_pt tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid mpx rdseed adx smap clflushopt xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves dtherm ida arat pln pts hwp hwp_notify hwp_act_window hwp_epp

static void rmcrlf(char *s)
{
    size_t len = strlen(s);
    if (len && s[len - 1] == '\n')
        s[--len] = 0; //question
        
}

void   *tst\_ins\_del(tst_node **root, char   *const   *s, const   int del, const   int cpy)

if (*p++   ==   0) { /\* check if word is duplicate */

while ((rtn =   fscanf(fp, "%s", word)) != EOF) {
    char   *p = word;
    printf("%p\\n", p);
    \* FIXME: insert reference to each string */
    if (!tst\_ins\_del(&root, &p, INS, REF)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: memory exhausted, tst_insert.\\n");
        fclose(fp);
        return   1;
    }
    idx++;
}

char   *p = word;

while ((rtn = fscanf(fp, "%s", word)) != EOF) {
        char *p = (char *)malloc(sizeof(word));
        strcpy(p, word);
        printf("%p\n", p);
        /* FIXME: insert reference to each string */
        if (!tst_ins_del(&root, &p, INS, REF)) {
            fprintf(stderr, "error: memory exhausted, tst_insert.\n");
            fclose(fp);
            return 1;
        }
        idx++;
    }

Error:
You may not have permission to collect stats.

Consider tweaking /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid,
which controls use of the performance events system by
unprivileged users (without CAP_SYS_ADMIN).

The current value is 3:

  -1: Allow use of (almost) all events by all users
>= 0: Disallow raw tracepoint access by users without CAP_IOC_LOCK
>= 1: Disallow CPU event access by users without CAP_SYS_ADMIN
>= 2: Disallow kernel profiling by users without CAP_SYS_ADMIN

To make this setting permanent, edit /etc/sysctl.conf too, e.g.:

	kernel.perf_event_paranoid = -1

$sudo sh -c 'echo 1 >/proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid'

Performance counter stats for './test_ref --bench s Tai' (100 runs):

          613,7279      cache-misses              #   58.207 % of all cache refs      ( +-  1.14% )
         1054,3867      cache-references                                              ( +-  0.89% )
       5,2809,3154      instructions              #    0.98  insn per cycle           ( +-  0.01% )
       5,3628,0088      cycles                                                        ( +-  0.90% )

       0.175280586 seconds time elapsed                                          ( +-  0.96% )

Performance counter stats for './test_cpy --bench s Tai' (100 runs):

          374,2553      cache-misses              #   49.356 % of all cache refs      ( +-  1.63% )
          758,2812      cache-references                                              ( +-  0.92% )
       4,5124,6229      instructions              #    1.09  insn per cycle           ( +-  0.02% )
       4,1238,1551      cycles                                                        ( +-  0.89% )

       0.135232047 seconds time elapsed                                          ( +-  0.95% )

void *pool_access(mPool *pool, size_t size)
{
    printf("size = %zu\n", size);
    printf("1. pool->next = %p\n", pool->next);
    printf("pool->end = %p\n", pool->end);
    printf("next + size = %p\n", pool->next+size);
    if (pool->end - pool->next < size) {
        return NULL;    
    }
    void *thisPtr = pool->next;
    pool->next = pool->next + size;
    printf("2. pool->next = %p\n", pool->next);
    return thisPtr;
}

mPool *mPool_allocate(size_t size)
{
    mPool *pool = (mPool *) malloc(sizeof(mPool));
    pool->head = pool->next = (mPool *) calloc(1, size);
    pool->end = pool->head + size;

    return pool;
}

char *p = (char *) pool_access(POOL, sizeof(char) * strlen(word));

(gdb) p p
$16 = 0x7ffff780c3f8 ""

(gdb) p p
$6 = 0x7ffff7a0d050 "@"

strcpy(p, word);

Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
__strcpy_sse2_unaligned () at ../sysdeps/x86_64/multiarch/strcpy-sse2-unaligned.S:650
650	../sysdeps/x86_64/multiarch/strcpy-sse2-unaligned.S: No such file or directory.

 Performance counter stats for './testMpool --bench s Tai' (100 runs):

          512,0940      cache-misses              #   51.925 % of all cache refs      ( +-  1.22% )
          986,2184      cache-references                                              ( +-  1.52% )
       4,8658,4318      instructions              #    1.00  insn per cycle           ( +-  0.01% )
       4,8660,4955      cycles                                                        ( +-  0.99% )

       0.160609575 seconds time elapsed                                          ( +-  1.79% )

pool->next = pool->next + size