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    ###### tags: `第13屆IT邦鐵人賽文章` # 【在 iOS 開發路上的大小事-Day06】透過 Delegate 來傳值 # 前情提要 一般我們在做傳值動作的時候,會有好幾種方式可以做,像是用 Segue、Closure、Delegate、Global Variable、Notification 等方式,每種都有不同的應用場景,所以就依情況來使用~ 前面已經有介紹過 GlobalVariable、Segue、Closure 傳值了 ## 今天要介紹的是 Delegate 傳值 我們要做的一樣是將第一個畫面上的 TextField 裡的值傳到第二個畫面的 TextView 上 畫面設計這裡就不示範了,大家就自己設計就可以了 Delegate 傳值也是在實作上很常用到的傳值方法之一 話不多說,就馬上進入實作環節! # 實作環節 首先,我們需要先設計一個協定 (Procotol) 來讓 Controller 遵守,我們需要這個 Protocol 來幫我們獲取 FirstVC 上 TextField 的值,所以我們先定義一個 Protocol 叫做 FetchTextDelegate,然後在 Protocol 內定義一個 Method,叫做 fetchTextFromTextField 我們在 fetchTextFromTextField 這個 Method 裡面宣告了一個變數 text,型別為 String,用來接收在 FirstVC 上 TextField 的值 ```swift= protocol FetchTextDelegate { func fetchTextFromTextField(_ text: String) } ``` 接著在 FirstVC 裡宣告一個變數 delegate,型別為剛剛設計的 Protocol,FetchTextDelegate ```swift= var delegate: FetchTextDelegate? ``` 接著在跳頁 Button 的 IBAction 裡,將 delegate 委任給 SecondVC 來執行 再呼叫先前在 Protocol 裡定義好的 fetchTextFromTextField 這個方法 ,讓他來取得 TextField 的值,但是用原生 navigationController.pushViewController 來寫的話,在執行跳頁的時候,會出現 Optional,導致 Crash,後面會來解釋如何解決 ```swift= @IBAction func pushToSecondVC(_ sender: UIButton) { let controller = SecondVC(nibName: "SecondVC", bundle: nil) self.navigationController?.pushViewController(controller, animated: true, completion: { self.delegate = controller self.delegate?.fetchTextFromTextField(self.textField.text!) }) } ``` 接著讓 SeocndVC 來遵守 FetchTextDelegate 這個 Protocol,看是要寫在 class 後面,還是用 extension 寫都可以,這邊我用 extension 來寫 ```swift= // 讓 SecondVC 遵守 FetchTextDelegate 這個 Protocol extension SecondVC: FetchTextDelegate { func fetchTextFromTextField(_ text: String) { textView.text = text } } ``` 先前在定義 fetchTextFromTextField 這個 Method 時,將 text 這個變數傳了進去,這邊則是讓 TextView 的值等於 text 的值,而這裡 text 的值就是從 FirstVC 的 TextField 取得的值 然後再來說為什麼用原生的 navigationController.pushViewController 來跳頁的話,會出現 Optional 錯誤,導致 App Crash 因為在執行跳頁的時候,SecondVC 畫面還尚未載入完成,所以找不到 textView 這個元件,所以才會導致 Crash,所以必須來改寫 navigationController.pushViewController,這邊是直接用網路上找到的寫法來解決 (參考2) ```swift= import UIKit extension UINavigationController { // push with completion handler public func pushViewController(_ viewController: UIViewController, animated: Bool, completion: @escaping () -> Void) { pushViewController(viewController, animated: animated) guard animated, let coordinator = transitionCoordinator else { DispatchQueue.main.async { completion() } return } coordinator.animate(alongsideTransition: nil) { _ in completion() } } // pop with completion handler func popViewController(animated: Bool, completion: @escaping () -> Void) { popViewController(animated: animated) guard animated, let coordinator = transitionCoordinator else { DispatchQueue.main.async { completion() } return } coordinator.animate(alongsideTransition: nil) { _ in completion() } } } ``` # 成果 {%youtube kFn1a_Hm3TA %} 本篇的範例程式碼:[GitHub](https://github.com/leoho0722/IT2021/tree/main/Day06) 參考資料 1. https://reurl.cc/qg4o3g 2. https://gist.github.com/matsuda/3b06eb3d3081b059035fc80d4b677c78

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