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第一行程式碼 Hello World === ![](https://i.imgur.com/YjJFS78.png) 【從零開始學 Java 程式設計】 [線上教學課程目錄](https://tw-hkt.blogspot.com/2019/03/2019-java-326.html),使用 Java 程式語言,開發應用程式。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/RLhKCId.png) 在上一篇中,我們學會了如何建立一個全新的 Java 專案,過程中我們勾選使用「Java Hello World」 範本專案,過程中自動幫我建立了一個 Main.java 檔案,在此檔案中,範本自動帶入了以下程式碼: Hello World 範本 === ```java public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello World!"); } } ``` 類別定義 === Java 是物件導向程式語言,而物件是由類別所產生出來的,因此我們首先要設計類別:Class。我們從最外層開始看起: ```java public class Main { ... } ``` 最外層的類別名稱 Main ,需要與此檔案名稱相同(Main.java),若不同會顯示錯誤。然後接著左右大括號 {...}包覆起來,而裡面的程式碼,則是定義這個類別的屬性、方法。public class 指的就是公開,可以讓大家使用的程式。 main 函數 === main 函數,是一切的開始,程式運行起來最初的進入點,一個 Java 檔案,只能有一個 main 函數。重覆宣告,會被編譯器,提示程式衝突,重覆宣告語法錯誤。 ```java public static void main(String[] args) { ... } ``` public: 公開的,可以由外部被呼叫。(相反的是 private 私有的,不能讓外部呼叫) static: 靜態的,表示在程式剛開始執行前,就需要把這個載入到記憶體。所以主程式必須是static,不然記憶體中沒有你的程式碼,將無法執行。 void: 這是回傳值的型態,void表示沒有回傳東西。 main: 程式進入點的名稱,大小寫必須相同,不能是其他名字。 String[] args: 程式進入點的 main 可以接受字串陣列當做參數,String[] 表示字串陣列,args是為這些字串陣列取的變數名稱,當然也可以寫 main(String[] xxx)。 println 印出資料 === println 語法,即是可以在輸出資訊區,看到印出字串資料 ```java System.out.println("Hello World!"); ``` 執行此 Hello World 範本專案,輸出結果: ![](https://i.imgur.com/D1nkBJr.png) 練習題 === - 練習題1: 試著,改寫 Hello World 範例,印出「哈囉!(你的名字)~」,如:「哈囉!HKT~」 - 練習題2: 能否默寫出,Hello World 範本程式碼 : ```java public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello World!"); } } ``` 補充資料 === 智慧提示,快速完成 IntelliJ IDEA 有超強的智慧提示,快速完成程式碼功能,以此例,我們不需一個字一個字打完,在程式碼編輯區,可以輸入「sout」、「psvm」,就會出現智慧提示,有時會有很多選擇,這時我們就選擇,我們要的快速完成程式碼,就可以快速完成程式碼。 ## sout 只要輸入 sout ,選擇快速完成提示 sout,即可以瞬間打完 System.out.println(); 這就是 IDE 的好處。 ![](https://imgur.com/M75sdrX.gif) 快速鍵 cmd+j 可以列出目前預設的快速完整語法,也可以自己自訂。 --- ![](https://i.imgur.com/KpufDKy.jpg) 那這次的課程就介紹到這邊囉~ 順帶一提,[KT 線上教室,臉書粉絲團](https://www.facebook.com/hktblog),會不定期發佈相關資訊,不想錯過最新資訊,不要忘記來按讚,加追蹤喔!也歡迎大家將這套課程分享給更多人喔。 我們下次再見囉!!!掰掰~

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