李佳儒
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    # 超電筆記 ## 一些零碎筆記 * 安裝Linux 1. 安裝虛擬機 virtual box 2. 在虛擬機中安裝 CentOS (1) CPU 2或4 (2) 記憶體 4096 (3) 硬碟 100G (4) 顯卡記憶體 全開 (5) 勾 EFI (6) ![](https://i.imgur.com/EQgGY4R.png) KVM: port 連接不同的網段 (7) 裡面外面連結 用VboxGuestAdditions * 出現以下錯誤 `Could not unmount the currently mounted media/drive (VERR_PDM_MEDIA_LOCKED).` ![](https://i.imgur.com/KT6QXED.png) 上網查 [VBox Guest Additions ISO can't be mounted because of VERR_PDM_MEDIA_LOCKED](https://superuser.com/questions/760327/vbox-guest-additions-iso-cant-be-mounted-because-of-verr-pdm-media-locked) [Cannot install guest additions](https://forums.virtualbox.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=38663) ->未解決 * LINUX centOS 操作 * 終端機 查詢檔案裡面的東西 * vim-> * /要查詢的字串 * n->下一筆查詢結果 * N->上一筆查詢結果 * vim 目錄樹->外插軟件 * gedit * 當gedit一個檔案時 他會由終端機傳到你的主機上(GUI由你的主機呈現) * IP位置 * 查詢此台網路資訊 `ifconfig` * 詳細網路資料及更改 指令:vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp6s0 則會出現像下面的形式 ` TYPE = Ethernet PROXY_METHOD = none ..... ` 比較需要注意的是type=ethernet(乙太網路) name=enp6s0 IPADDR(ip address) = 192.168.1.11(此為舉例)(這張網路卡的位置) PREFIX(遮罩網路)=24(也就是255.255.255.0) GATEWAY = 192.168.1.1(通訊閘位址) * 如果更改網路位址或其他資訊(需要網路重啟) 指令1:systemctl restart network 指令2:ifdown enp6s0/ifup enp6s0 然後再測試網路及與其他機器互連過程 ## NFS server/client 互換 * server端要改的東西: * systemctl stop rpcbind.service * systemctl stop nfs-server.service * vim /etc/exports 把 /isc21 192.168.1.0(0->全部,所以意思就是192.168.1.全網段)/24(網路遮罩)(rw,sync,no_root_squash) 刪掉 * vim /etc/fstab (file system table)最下面把 A05(server台):/isc21[tab]/isc21[tab]nfs[tab]default[tab]0[tab]0 刪掉 * 阿如果是client端要改server的話就反過來做就好(須確定有裝server服務) ## 專業名詞 * [弛豫](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%B0%E8%B1%AB%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4)(Relaxation):達到熱動平衡 * [疊代](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%AD%E4%BB%A3):**重複回饋過程的活動**,其目的通常是為了**接近併到達所需的目標或結果**。每一次對過程的重複被稱為一次「疊代」,而每一次疊代得到的結果會被用來作為下一次疊代的初始值。 * [自洽場方法](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%B4%BD%E5%9C%BA%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95):自洽場方法(self-consistent field method, SCF)是量子力學中疊代求解多粒子系統薛丁格方程的基本方法。其基本思想是首先按照某種方法給出波函數的一個估計,然後利用這個估計來計算電子密度,再通過電子密度來得到哈密頓量中與粒子間相互作用有關的項,再進行薛丁格方程的求解得到一組改進的估計。很多情況下,自洽場方法一詞也用於直接指代哈特里-福克方法。 * FFT mesh(fast fourier transform mesh)->用電腦算傅立葉轉換 => 用sigma算而不是用integral算 ## INCAR參數解析 ### 一般參數 #### ISTRAT:是否讀取WAVECAR(前次運算獲得的波函數文件) 0:開始全新運算 1:接續運算(讀入WAVECAR,計算態密度、能帶、光學性質等情況使用) 2:接續運算(保持基矢不變的計算中使用) 3:接續運算(僅讀入上次運算得到的電荷密度與波函數) #### ICHARG:構建初始的電荷密度 0:初始的波函數構造 1:從CHGCAR讀入,並透過原子密度進行線性插值 2:初始的電荷密度由贋勢決定 11:讀入自洽的CHGCAR,並運行能帶計算或態密度的非自洽計算 12:非自洽的原子密度計算 ### 自洽計算 #### NELM:允許自洽迭代的最大次數 (默認60) #### EDIFF:收斂標準(默認 1E-5) #### ENCUT:贋勢平面波截斷能(默認POTCAR中的INMARK參數) #### ALGO:電子優化算法 Normal:blocked Davidson法(IALGO=38) VeryFast:RMM-DIIS法(IALGO=48) Fast:上面兩種混用 ### 弛豫收斂 #### IBRION:離子的移動與弛豫 -1:離子位置不動 0:標準的分子動力學模擬 1:採用準牛頓法優化離子位置 2:採用共厄梯度法優化離子位置 3:採用最速下降法優化離子位置 5:計算Hessian矩陣與體系振動頻率 #### ISIF:是否計算應力及如何結構優化 (當IBRION= 0, 默認為0, 否則為2) ![](https://i.imgur.com/g1W0LOD.png) #### POTIM IBRION= 1, 2, 3時,為力的縮放常數,控制離子移動大小(默認0.5) IBRION= 0時,為分子動力學運算的時間步長,需手動設置 #### NSW:弛豫的最大次數和分子動力學運算次數(默認0) #### EDIFFG:離子弛豫收斂標準(默認EDIFF*10) #### SMASS:分子動力學運算中離子速度(默認-3) -3:微正則系綜,總自由能守恆 -2:初始速度不變,計算總能隨離子位置變化情形 -1:每NBLOCK次後對初始速度進行縮放 0 or >0:正則系綜,對溫度進行Nose調控 正則系綜:熱平衡系統中所有可能狀態之集合 微正則系綜:相同能量,粒子數,體積的體系的集合 #### TEBEG:分子動力學模擬的初始速度(默認0) #### TEEND:分子動力學模擬的末態速度(默認TEBEG) #### PSTRESS:加入體系的應力張量上的應力大小 ### 布里淵區參數 #### ISMEAR:smearing計算方法 (默認1) 0: Gaussain smearing 法(氧化物、半導體) N/1: Methfessel-Paxton order N 法 (金屬) -1: fermi smearing 法 -2:透過FERWE和FERD0設置 -3:採循環計算確定參數 -4:沒有布洛赫修正的四面體方法 -5:有布洛赫修正的四面體方法(K點數>4) #### SIGMA:smearing寬度 (默認0.2) 半導體、絕緣體:0.05 金屬:0.2 ## OUTCAR ### 組成 ->為最主要的完整輸出,個部分以<---------->分開 1. 顯示INPUT file(INCAR,POTCAR,POSCAR) ex:nearest neighbor distance and analysis of symmetric 2.結晶,kpoints,及其他體系大小等 3.Information on the basic set(number of plane waves) 4.計算所需的內存資訊 5.疊代計算(每一層疊代都會有能量變化:free energy, energy without entropy,也會有其他資訊如結構最適化中的Eigenvalue,charge and forces以及CPU跑的時間等等) 6.疊代結束,秀出最終結果,依據計算的項目不同會而不同(position, force, energy),而最後會有總CPU計算時間 :notebook: 如要查詢資訊可使用`grep '須查詢資訊' OUTCAR` ### 幾個重要資訊參數 1. 體系的體積 volume 2. 總能 TOTEN (當ISMEAR = -5時,free energy不等於energy without entropy)->計算體系的結合能時,總能為energy without entropy 3. 費米能級 Fermi ## CONTCAR(與POSCAR一樣儲存結構資訊) ->包括前個最後疊代的離子位置 ->能做接續下去的動作(=POSCAR) ## OSZICAR ->紀錄疊代過程中能量變化及收斂速度 ->影響的重要因素 DAV RMM CG 是電子疊代求解的算法 ->被INCAR中的ALGO參數影響 ALGO = normal -> DAV (通常ALGO=fast可解決大部分問題) ->紀錄優化過程(觀察優化過程中能量的變化) ## CHGCAR/CHG(電荷密度文件) # 論文找尋 https://sci-hub.se/ ## 專業名詞 [拓樸結構(空間)](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%93%E6%89%91%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4)

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