Prevedi naslednje stavke v predikatni račun.
Naj bodo področje pogovora naravna števila. Enomestni predikat \(P\) in dvomestni predikat \(D\) interpretiramo kot:
Določi logične vrednosti formul in zapiši njihove negacije.
Za spodnje formule poišči enakovredne formule, v katerih negacija nastopa le neposredno pred predikati.
\[ \begin{aligned} \lnot \forall x: (A(x) \lor B(x)) &\sim \exists x: (\lnot A(x) \land \lnot B(x)) \end{aligned} \]
\[ \begin{aligned} \lnot \exists x: (A(x) \land \lnot B(x)) &\sim \forall x: (\lnot A(x) \lor B(x)) \\ &\sim \forall x: (A(x) \Rightarrow B(x)) \end{aligned} \]
\[ \begin{aligned} &\quad \lnot((\lnot \exists x: P(x) \lor \forall x: Q(x)) \land (R(x) \Rightarrow \forall x:S(x))) \\ &\sim \lnot((\lnot \exists y: P(y) \lor \forall z: Q(z)) \land (\lnot R(x) \lor \forall w: S(w))) \\ &\sim (\exists y: P(y) \land \exists z: \lnot Q(z)) \lor (R(x) \land \exists w: \lnot S(w)) \\ &\sim \exists y \exists z : (P(y) \land \lnot Q(z)) \lor \exists w: (R(x) \land \lnot S(w)) \\ &\sim \exists y: (\exists z : (P(y) \land \lnot Q(z)) \lor (R(x) \land \lnot S(y))) \\ &\sim \exists y \exists z : ((P(y) \land \lnot Q(z)) \lor (R(x) \land \lnot S(y))) \end{aligned} \]
Pokaži, da sta formuli \(\exists x:(P(x) \Rightarrow Q(x))\) in \(\forall x: P(x) \Rightarrow \exists x: Q(x)\) enakovredni.
Izjavi sta enakovredni, če imata enako resničnostno vrednost pri vsaki domeni in interpretaciji predikatov (konstant, funkcijskih simbolov).
\[ \begin{aligned} \forall x: P(x) \Rightarrow \exists x: Q(x) &\sim \exists x: \lnot P(x) \lor \exists x: Q(x) \\ &\sim \exists x: (\lnot P(x) \lor Q(x)) \\ &\sim \exists x: (P(x) \Rightarrow Q(x)) \end{aligned} \]
Pokaži, da formuli nista enakovredni.
Pokaži, da je formula
\[ \forall x \exists y: P(x,y) \Rightarrow (\exists x \forall y: \lnot P(x,y) \Rightarrow \exists x \forall y: P(x,y)) \]
logično veljavna.
Ali je formula
\[ \exists x \forall y : (P(x,y) \Leftrightarrow P(y,y)) \]
logično veljavna?
or
or
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