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    --- title: Lab Meeting Minutes 2021/09/01 tags: lab_meeting --- > Outline > [TOC] --- # PERAL Lab Meeting - 時間:110年09月01日15:00 - 地點:[Online](https://meet.google.com/mhg-upsk-nsk) - 出席者:吳坤熹老師(Solomon)、謝萬霖(Edger)、周以恆(Henry)、吳騰然(Toby)、陳嘉瑋(Jeffery)、劉怡君(Phoebe)、劉又聖(Johnson)、洪胤勛(Branko)、莊才賢(Jerry)、丘世宇(chofinn) - 會議主題: [RDMA]() - 主講者: Prof Solomon - 主記: 陳嘉瑋 ## 會議內容 ### 老師報告:RDMA (Remote Direct Memory Access) #### DMA - What does DMA stand for? Direct Memory Access (DMA) - Where is DMA I/O Device與CPU之間 - Why is it beneficial 使CPU不用polling,這樣CPU就能去做其他事情 :::info 主要是把記憶體的東西寫進I/O Device. 今天很多人誤答是介於CPU和記憶體中間,那個是cache。 ::: #### UCX,RDMA,DPU 1. Moore's Law - 每隔18個月單位面積電晶體數量會翻倍 - 但user在乎的不是電晶體數量,是計算的效能。 2. CPU - GPU - FPGA - DPU -ASIC 3. Artifical Intelligence #### Legacy Socket Programming ![](https://i.imgur.com/kfs3KKp.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/WzEbjO6.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/vKdtWQZ.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/7vBR6aK.png) Direct Memory Access 該技術應用在電腦週邊的I/O device 將 Read/Write 等工作交給電腦內部的 sub-system,讓 CPU 不必介入處理這些瑣碎的工作、而可以去做其他的事 Polling 輪詢 Context switching - overhead Moore's Law - 每18個月單位面積的電晶體數量會成倍增長 CPU核心數量增加,然而並非越多效能就越好(受限於 CPU clock rate) Processor: GPU - 圖像處理器、顯卡 FPGA - 依照需求利用程式去設計、改寫現成的 IC DPU - ASIC - 專門另外開發的IC,成本高 AI - 讓機器像人類思考 ML - 利用演算法從經驗中學習、而不需要依照明寫的規則去做判斷 DL - 以類神經網路(multi-layered neural networks)的技術進行 ML AlexNet Socket programming Three-way handshaking 為了雙向建立 connection(四合三,第二步 server 同時 ACK 跟 SYN) Virtual memory BSD 通常swapping 空間建議為 physical memory 的 2~3 倍 Kernel bypass - reduce buffer copy times > pass by value - 資料量大時沒有效率 > pass by reference header overhead bottlenecks - 多個節點進行資料傳遞共享同一 link,樹狀結構中越上層越嚴重 broadcast storm Spanning Tree Protocal - 避免 loop 產生 取代 STP: SDN controller - openflow's flow table 紀錄 routing rules Adaptive Routing InfiniBand - an open standard of 利用純 layer 2 封包(無 ip header)傳遞 Verbs model [RDMA] work queue work request - 僅註冊動作、不需要 context switch 過去進行 buffer copy. libIBverbs - RDMA-enabled transport protocols' library 使用支援 RDMA 之 API(libIBverbs): - IB - RoCE - iWARP RDMA's way of send/recv is similar to TCP socket 2-side communication (Zero copy) 1-side communication (在讀寫已授權的情況下 CPU 無知無覺): > RDMA Write > RDMA Read But Verbs programming is too hard: UCX - high level RDMA Verbs API(well defined) 降低 polling(check status) 頻率 ### 建議&問題 1. [name=finn] Ans: [name=] 2. [name=Branko] P.17 是直接從memory存取資料嗎 Ans: [name=] 3. [name=Jerry] 如果同時有兩個人在寫同一塊memory會有衝突嗎 Ans: 要有LOCK的機制保護這種狀況發生,或是直接分配不同位置給不同人 4. [name=Jeffrey] 接續Jerry的問題,共同存取同一塊記憶體會有問題,那UCX有提供什麼保護機制嗎 Ans: [Open Shared Memory](http://www.openshmem.org/) 5. [name=Phoebe] Verbs programming model 還是有定期做 check status 的動作,這似乎只是將低 polling 頻率,可是 polling 本身就算是在進行 context switching,這樣有達到 no context switching? Ans: no context switching 針對的是 work request 的過程中 CPU 不去介入讀寫工作,check status 屬於 work complete 的部分。 6. [name=Johnson] Q1: 在虛擬機上可以做RDMA測試與開發嗎 Ans: 我沒想過這樣試。VM會有overhead,這樣效能會比較差。 單純測試的話,有人在VM上跑RDMA over Converged Ethernet ([RoCE](https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/361740115)). 7. Q2: 為解決 polling 沒效率的問題,在8051我們會註冊一個 event, 當 event 發生時就去呼叫某個 function. Verbs或UCX是否有類似機制? A: Verbs 可以註冊一個 [event](https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/aix/7.1?topic=management-ibv-req-notify-cq). UCX可以用 [Wake-up Routine](https://openucx.readthedocs.io/en/master/api.html#wake-up-routines)處理 event. 8. [name=Edgar] Queue Pair會佔據記憶體嗎? A: 會。但不多,只有六十幾個 bytes. 你真正想問的是什麼? 9. 我想要Access一百台電腦,能夠Access也會取決於我自己的記憶體量嗎。如果我希望Access 240G(每台2.4G),所以我需要留240G嗎,這樣不就變成Memory的瓶頸嗎 Ans:是的。不要一次處理240G,分別處理就不用那麼大了 8. [name=Edgar] rkey的內容是什麼,Address是什麼 Ans: 32bits的ID,要寫入的記憶體的位址 9. [name=Henry] OS bypass 的機制是網路卡專屬的嗎?有沒有可能我的影音裝置也有這個機制,這樣 CPU 只要事前規劃好,video stream 進來就直接 NIC 出去,不必經過OS,這樣效能也可以大幅提高。 Ans: Yes. As long as the kernel allows you to do so, this sounds to be very promising. 10. [name=Toby] 1.RDMA的Write,他的封包data在傳送時有沒有被加密 Ans:沒有,為了速度沒有加密,但有CRC,確保資料正確 11. [name=Toby] 有沒有可能被中途攔截,然後被偽造,再傳過去 Ans:有可能,在一個Subnet之下,偽造MAC Address是十分容易 ## 待追蹤事項 ## 臨時動議 - 108要施工,要把東西清空,要調查大家何時回來。[name=Edgar] 9/25 (六) 早上搬 中午吃Pizza 下午跑後山 --- 散會結束時間:

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