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    # NKUST ITC 108-1 Python[4] ###### [https://python-slide.macs1207.dev](https://python-slide.macs1207.dev) ###### 2019/11/19 ###### tags: `NKUST ITC` `Python 社課` [TOC] --- ## [Github](https://github.com/macs1207/python-tutorial) ---- ## 下半學期進度(超理想) |日期|內容| |-|-| |11/19|DOM解析、API| |11/26|以下待訂| |12/17|可能會辦活動| |12/26|期末社員大會| --- ## DOM解析 ---- ### DOM? - Document Object Model (文件物件模型) - 將HTML中的標籤、文字、圖片都定義成物件 - 樹狀結構 ![](https://i.imgur.com/CaZlb6g.png) ---- ### HTML HTML由以下3種東西組成 1. 元素 2. 屬性 3. 屬性值 ---- ```html= <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <body> <h1>My First Heading</h1> <div class="content">My first paragraph.</div> </body> </html> ``` ---- ```html= <div class="content">My first paragraph.</div> ``` - 以此為例,\<div\>與\</div\>為標籤 - 兩個成對的標籤組成一個元素 - 兩標籤中夾帶內容 - class為屬性名稱 - content則為屬性值 ---- ### 採用BeautifulSoup ``` pip install beautifulsoup4 ``` ```python= from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import requests rs = requests.get('https://movies.yahoo.com.tw/movie_intheaters.html') dom = BeautifulSoup(rs.text, 'lxml') print(dom.prettify()) # 輸出排版後的HTML ``` ---- ### 也可以直接讀取html檔案 ```python= from bs4 import BeautifulSoup with open("index.html") as f: dom = BeautifulSoup(f, 'lxml') print(dom.prettify()) # 輸出排版後的HTML ``` ---- ### 尋找單一元素 ```python= # find()尋找單一元素 from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import requests url = 'http://quotes.toscrape.com/' rs = requests.get(url) dom = BeautifulSoup(rs.text, 'lxml') print(dom.find('p').text) ``` ---- ### 尋找所有元素 ```python= # find_all()尋找所有元素 from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import requests url = 'http://quotes.toscrape.com/' rs = requests.get(url) soup = BeautifulSoup(rs.text, 'lxml') tags = soup.find_all(class_='text') # 找出所有class為text的資料 for tag in tags: # 搭配for顯示class為text的內容 print(tag.text) ``` ---- ### 尋找所有超連結 ```python= from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import requests url = 'http://quotes.toscrape.com/' rs = requests.get(url) soup = BeautifulSoup(rs.text, 'html.parser') tags = soup.find(class_='quote').find_all('a') for tag in tags: print(tag['href']) ``` ---- ### 更好用的css selector ```html= <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <body> <h1>My First Heading</h1> <div class="content">My first paragraph.</div> </body> </html> ``` 如上的html文件,只要這樣就能取出div的內容 ```python= print(dom.select(".content")[0].text) # Output: My first paragraph. ``` - 此select()方法會回傳包含所有符合的元素的list,故須以[0]來取出第一個 ---- ### 為何? 在css selector中 - class屬性以一個點'.'表示 - id屬性以一個井字號'#'表示 故 class="content"在css selector中只要用 ``` ".content" ``` 就可以表示 ---- ### 練習1 - 從[這裡](https://gist.github.com/macs1207/2bf2b853864d063b5bb50575294ff659)抓出 - 當前溫度 - 體感溫度 - 濕度 - 降雨量 ---- ### 做完了不知道要做什麼的做這個 - 從[這裡](https://movies.yahoo.com.tw/movie_intheaters.html)抓出這些資訊 ![](https://i.imgur.com/lJxIfsD.png) - 這題在範例檔中有答案 --- ## API ---- ### API? - Application Programming Interface - 應用程式介面 - 定義一個讓程式間能相互溝通存取的介面 ---- ### 為何需要API? - 生活情境 - 開放資料 (天氣、交通) - 開放服務 (Google 日曆、地圖) - 開發情境 - 作業系統 API - 軟硬體 API ---- ![](https://i.imgur.com/xfq6i2u.png) - [圖源](https://github.com/macs1207/python-course/blob/master/Lesson08-Web%20Crawler/Lesson09-Crawler%20(%26%20API).ipynb) ---- ### 又以天氣為例 - 用[這個API](https://works.ioa.tw/weather/api/doc/index.html) DEMO - 三民區id: 264 - 結果須包含 - 當前溫度 - 體感溫度 - 濕度 - 降雨量 ---- ### 換各位練習看看 ---- ### 延伸閱讀 [RESTful API](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0%E5%B1%82%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2) --- ## DevFest 高雄場 - [報名連結](https://gdg-kaohsiung.kktix.cc/events/devfest-kaohsiung-2019) ---- ## Discord - [https://discord.gg/hmUeXeH](https://discord.gg/hmUeXeH) ![](https://i.imgur.com/Ev2zJUe.png) ---- ## Telegram - [https://t.me/kuasitc](https://t.me/kuasitc) ![](https://i.imgur.com/mYOQ7nT.png) ---- ## 作者 - 社長 [Macs](https://github.com/macs1207) - 副社長 [呆呆大蛙](https://github.com/daidaidarwa) ---- ## 參考資料 - [Python-100-Days](https://github.com/jackfrued/Python-100-Days) - [Wikipedia](https://zh.wikipedia.org) - [成大X-Village教材](https://www.facebook.com/pages/category/Education/X-Village-423736361424301)

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