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ITSA線上程式競賽題目-中文題庫 ======================= ## 2048 ```cpp= #include<iostream> #include<sstream> using namespace std; int main(){ char v; while(cin>>v){ cin.ignore(1,'\n'); string s; long a[4][4]; for(int i=0;i<4;i++) { getline(cin,s); istringstream ss(s); string cut; for(int j=0;j<4;j++){ getline(ss,cut,' '); istringstream cc(cut); cc>>a[i][j]; } } if(v=='U') {for(int j=0;j<4;j++){ for(int k=0;k<4;k++){ for(int i=k+1;i<4;i++){ if(a[k][j]!=0&&a[i][j]!=0&&a[k][j]==a[i][j]){ a[k][j]+=a[i][j]; a[i][j]=0; break; } else if(a[k][j]!=0&&a[i][j]!=0&&a[k][j]!=a[i][j]){break;} for(int i=k+1;i<4;i++){ if(a[k][j]==0&&a[i][j]!=0){ a[k][j]+=a[i][j]; a[i][j]=0; break; }} } } }} else if(v=='D') {for(int j=0;j<4;j++){ for(int k=3;k>0;k--){ for(int i=k-1;i>=0;i--){ if(a[k][j]!=0&&a[i][j]!=0&&a[k][j]==a[i][j]){ a[k][j]+=a[i][j]; a[i][j]=0; break; } else if(a[k][j]!=0&&a[i][j]!=0&&a[k][j]!=a[i][j]){break;} for(int i=k-1;i>=0;i--){ if(a[k][j]==0&&a[i][j]!=0){ a[k][j]+=a[i][j]; a[i][j]=0; break; }} } } }} else if(v=='L') {for(int j=0;j<4;j++){ for(int k=0;k<4;k++){ for(int i=k+1;i<4;i++){ if(a[j][k]!=0&&a[j][i]!=0&&a[j][k]==a[j][i]){ a[j][k]+=a[j][i]; a[j][i]=0; break; } else if(a[j][k]!=0&&a[j][i]!=0&&a[j][k]!=a[j][i]){break;} for(int i=k+1;i<4;i++){ if(a[j][k]==0&&a[j][i]!=0){ a[j][k]+=a[j][i]; a[j][i]=0; break; }} } } }} else if(v=='R') {for(int j=0;j<4;j++){ for(int k=3;k>0;k--){ for(int i=k-1;i>=0;i--){ if(a[j][k]!=0&&a[j][i]!=0&&a[j][k]==a[j][i]){ a[j][k]+=a[j][i]; a[j][i]=0; break; } else if(a[j][k]!=0&&a[j][i]!=0&&a[j][k]!=a[j][i]){break;} for(int i=k-1;i>=0;i--){ if(a[j][k]==0&&a[j][i]!=0){ a[j][k]+=a[j][i]; a[j][i]=0; break; }} } } }} for(int i=0;i<4;i++){ for(int j=0;j<4;j++){ if(j==3){cout<<a[i][j];} else{cout<<a[i][j]<<" ";} }cout<<endl; } } return 0; } ``` ## 迷宮問題 ```cpp= //右下角為出發點 (8,8) ,左上角為出口 (1,1) //右 > 上 > 左 > 下 #include<iostream> #include<vector> #include<string> #include<sstream> using namespace std; void p(vector<vector<string> >& map) //印出二維向量 { for(int i=0;i<10;i++) { for(int j=0;j<10;j++) { if(j<9)cout<<map[i][j]<<" "; //要留意為什麼是 j,易錯點 else cout<<map[i][j]<<endl; } } } bool dfs( vector<vector<string> >& map,int sr/*上下*/,int sc/*左右*/) {//右下角為出發點 (8,8) ,左上角為出口 (1,1) if( sr > 0 && sc > 0 && sr < 9 && sc < 9 )//是否超界 { if( map[sr][sc] == "0" ){//是否為未探索路徑 map[sr][sc] = "G";//預設為正確路徑 if( dfs( map, sr, sc+1 ) ){//右 return true; } else if( dfs( map, sr-1, sc ) ){//上 return true; } else if( dfs( map, sr, sc-1 ) ){//左 return true; } else if( dfs( map, sr+1, sc ) ){//下 return true; } else{ if( sr == 1 && sc == 1 ){//若為終點則改成 X ,且回傳正確 map[sr][sc] = "X"; return true; } else{//否則回傳錯誤並標記為錯誤路徑 map[sr][sc] = "D"; return false; } } } else return false;//若為已探索則回傳錯誤 } else return false;//超界回傳錯誤 } int main() { string s; vector<vector<string> > map; for(int i=0;i<10;i++) //讀入二維向量 { getline(cin,s); vector<string> tmp; //宣告內部向量 tmp istringstream chs(s); //轉換為可分割字串型態 for(int j=0;j<10;j++) { string cs; //宣告被切割的字串 cs getline(chs,cs,' '); //以空白做切割 tmp.push_back(cs); //存入內部向量 tmp } map.push_back(tmp); //再推入外部向量 map } dfs(map,8,8); if( map[1][1] != "X" ){//若終點未被修改則表示未找到 map[1][1] = "X";//標記終點 cout<<"NO"<<endl; } else{ cout<<"YES"<<endl; } map[8][8] = "S";//標記起點 p(map); //印出二維向量 return 0; } ``` ## C++陣列除法 ```cpp= #include<iostream> #include<vector> using namespace std; int main(){ string str;//讀入字串暫存, vector<int> a;//被除數 vector<int> b;//除數 bool aORb=true;//判定字串往何處儲存 for(int i=0;i<2;i++) { getline(cin,str);//讀入字串 for(int j=0;j<str.size();j++)//與該字串的每個字 { int changeNum=int(str[j]-'0');//轉成數字 if(aORb==false)//判定是否為除數的字串 { b.push_back(changeNum);//推入除數字串 } else { a.push_back(changeNum);//推入被除數字串 } } aORb=false;//改變下一個字串的儲存區 } //--------------輸入-------------- vector<int> re;//商 int deltaLen=a.size()-b.size()+1;//計算次數(商數的長度) int buf[b.size()]={0};//除數計算區初始化 int *ap=&a[0];// 當前計算位置指標 for(int i=0;i<deltaLen;i++)//尋找商數 { for(int j=0;j<9;j++)//尋找該次商數 { bool r=false;//判定是否為商數 for(int k=0;k<b.size();k++)//比較大小 { if(buf[k]<*(ap+k)){break;}//找到任意較小的位數就淘汰 else if(buf[k]>*(ap+k)){r=true;break;}//否則就"錄取" } if(r==true)//若為商數,則輸出商數結果 { re.push_back(j-1);//推入商數結果 for(int m=0;m<b.size();m++)//計算區減一次 { buf[m]-=b[m]; if(buf[m]<0){buf[m-1]--;buf[m]+=10;}//進位 } break;//跳出迴圈 } for(int m=0;m<b.size();m++)//計算區加一次 { buf[m]+=b[m]; if(buf[m]>10){buf[m-1]++;buf[m]-=10;}//進位 } } //--------------找到該次商數-------------- for(int j=0;j<b.size();j++)//與被除數做計算 { *ap=*ap-buf[j];//減法 if(*ap<0)//進位 { *(ap-1)-=1; *ap+=10; } ap++;//指標右移 } ap=ap-(b.size()-1);//指標位置來到下一次計算起始位置 for(int j=0;j<b.size();j++){buf[j]=0;}//計算區歸0 //--------------與被除數計算完畢-------------- } cout<<"商數為:"; for(int i=0;i<re.size();i++){cout<<re[i];}cout<<endl; int z=0;//判定首個非0數 b.clear();//淨空再利用,儲存餘數 for(int i=0;i<a.size();i++)//過濾出餘數 { if(a[i]!=0&&z==0){b.push_back(a[i]);z++;}//遇到首個非0 else if(z!=0){b.push_back(a[i]);}//之後一律推入 } cout<<"餘數為:"; for(int i=0;i<b.size();i++){cout<<b[i];}cout<<endl; return 0; } ``` # 泛洪演算法範例題 --- ITSA- Arrayc 151~200-[C_AR154-易]感染被包圍的人 題目連結:https://e-tutor.itsa.org.tw/eTutor/mod/programming/view.php?id=24871 作法: ```cpp= #include<iostream> #include<vector> #include<string> #include<sstream> using namespace std; void p(vector<vector<string> >& map) //印出二維向量 { for(int i=0;i<7;i++) { for(int j=0;j<7;j++) { if(j<6)cout<<map[i][j]<<" "; //要留意為什麼是 j,易錯點 else cout<<map[i][j]<<endl; } } } //銜接下面演算法任一種寫法 ``` ## 泛洪演算法(一) ```cpp= //泛洪演算法(一) void floodfill(vector<vector<string> >& map,int sr,int sc) { if(sr >= 0 && sc >= 0 && sr < 7 && sc < 7 && map[sr][sc] == "0") { //若沒超出邊界且等於 0 map[sr][sc] = "2"; //將確定生存的目標做標記為2 floodfill(map,sr+1,sc); //上 //floodfill(map,sr+1,sc+1); //右上 floodfill(map,sr,sc+1); //右 //floodfill(map,sr-1,sc+1); //右下 floodfill(map,sr-1,sc); //下 //floodfill(map,sr-1,sc-1); //左下 floodfill(map,sr,sc-1); //左 //floodfill(map,sr+1,sc-1); //左上 } } ``` ## 泛洪演算法(二) ```cpp= //泛洪演算法(二) void floodfill(vector<vector<char> >& map, int x, int y) { if (x >= 7 || y >= 7 || x < 0 || y < 0) return; if (map[x][y] == '0') { map[x][y] = '2'; floodfill(map, x - 1, y); //下 //floodfill(map, x - 1, y - 1);//左下 floodfill(map, x, y - 1); //左 //floodfill(map, x + 1, y - 1);//左上 floodfill(map, x + 1, y); //上 //floodfill(map, x + 1, y + 1);//右上 floodfill(map, x, y + 1); //右 //floodfill(map, x - 1, y + 1);//右下 } if(map[x][y] == 'X' || map[x][y] == '2') return; } ``` ---銜接前面--- ```cpp= void change(vector<vector<string> >& map,string s,string cs) { //將整個二維向量符合 s 的字串替換成字串 cs for(int i=0;i<7;i++) { for(int j=0;j<7;j++) { if(map[i][j]==s)map[i][j]=cs; } } } int main() { string s; vector<vector<string> > map; for(int i=0;i<7;i++) //讀入二維向量 { getline(cin,s); vector<string> tmp; //宣告內部向量 tmp istringstream chs(s); //轉換為可分割字串型態 for(int j=0;j<7;j++) { string cs; //宣告被切割的字串 cs getline(chs,cs,' '); //以空白做切割 tmp.push_back(cs); //存入內部向量 tmp } map.push_back(tmp); //再推入外部向量 map } //僅檢測最外圈是否有 0 //上面的邊 for(int i=0;i<7;i++){if(map[0][i]=="0")floodfill(map,0,i);} //右邊 for(int i=0;i<7;i++){if(map[i][6]=="0")floodfill(map,i,6);} //最下排 for(int i=0;i<7;i++){if(map[6][i]=="0")floodfill(map,6,i);} //最左邊 for(int i=0;i<7;i++){if(map[i][0]=="0")floodfill(map,i,0);} change(map,"0","I"); //將剩餘的 0,即被感染的替換成 I change(map,"2","0"); //將標記的 2,替換成 0 p(map); //印出二維向量 return 0; } //泛洪演算法範例題 結束 ```

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