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--- title: 12th鐵人賽Day02 description: JS文章 robots: noindex, nofollow lang: zh-tw dir: ltr breaks: true tags: JavaScript,鐵人賽 disqus: hackmd --- # Day02 語法改革!零基礎新手也能讀懂的JS - 變數資料型別(上) 本篇將了解JS裡最最最基礎的變數資料型別以及如何運用! ## 變數 變數是用來存放資料的容器,用來存放你想存的值,但要注意變數還是有一些命名規則的喔!請看以下~ * 必須是英文字母開頭 * 可以用_或$開頭 * 中文字也完全可行,但你不怕被同事ooxx的話你就用吧XDD * 不可用「保留字」(Reserved Words)、「關鍵字」命名 (keyword) * 大小寫不同的變數不會視為同一個變數,例如:App、app * 關鍵字: 指的是 ECMAScript 所規定具有特定用途的英文單字,不能用來作為變數名稱使用。 * 保留字: 目前在 JavaScript 還沒有特殊用途,但在未來有可能會被拿來當關鍵字來使用,所以也不能作為變數名稱。 ## 變數的資料型別 JS內建的型別總共分為兩大類 **基本型別(Primitives)** 以及 **物件型別(Object)** 基本型別: String、Number、Boolean、Null、Undefined,剩下的都可以說是物件型別。 ### String 字串 JS裡並沒有`char`的概念,只有字串並使用單引號`''`或雙引號`""`包覆 ```javascript= var string = 'CK' var string = "CK" ``` 但如果你遇到了字串本身就有單引號或雙引號 ```javascript= var string = 'I'm CK' ``` 程式會選擇距離最近的單引號組成配對所以這時就會出錯,那麼你有幾種方式可以解決 1. 使用跳脫字元`\`: ```javascript= var str= 'I\'m CK!'; //正常執行 ``` 2. 改用雙引號: ```javascript= var str= "I'm CK!"; //正常執行 ``` 至於選用哪種方式就看個人習慣摟~ 如遇到了多組的字串時,你可以用 + (加號) 來連接字串: ```javascript= var str= "hello" + "world"; //正常執行 ``` 或是透過\(反斜線)來連接: ```javascript= var hello= ' 我是\ CK' //正常執行,如果沒有用反斜線直接換行的話會出錯喔! ``` **再反斜線後方不能有任何東西、包括空白字元。** ### 樣板字面值(template literal) 是再ES6的時候新增的,使用一組反引號包覆,裡頭可以放一般字串與`${}`。大幅提升了字串靈活性,原因如下: #### 支援多行字串 現在多行字串樣板字面值語法: ```javascript= var hello= `我是 CK`//正常執行 ``` #### 允許直接把變數放入字串 ```javascript= var name = 'CK' var str = `I am ${name}` ``` #### 放入運算式 ```javascript= var a = 1 var b = 2 var str = `${a + b} is Three` ``` 本篇大概介紹到這邊,剩下的資料型別會在下篇介紹!

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