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    # Barcode ###### tags:`project` ## 條碼類型 ### HIBC 專門為醫療產業開發,以滿足為醫療產品的獨 (如醫療儀器) 貼標籤時的特殊安全需求;此類產品通常不會出現在商業零售場所。所有運送到醫院的商品都需要有 HIBC 標籤。HIBC代碼由包含產品參考的主代碼(UDI“ DI”),包含定界符的“ /”,包含生產數據的輔助代碼(UDI“ PI”)和符合Modulo 43的檢查字符組成。 **主代碼(UDI“DI”)** 建立了包含以下數據字段的唯一產品參考: HIBC系統標識符,所有HIBC代碼均以“+”開頭 * 貼標機的ID,唯一,明確分配,全球認可(LIC =貼標機識別碼) * 產品代碼:1到18位數字,字母數字,例如訂單號,缺少特殊字符(-,/) * 包裝指數:指包裝水平。 0:單一單位; 1:零售單位; 2-8:大包裝; 9:可變。 * UDID數據庫條目的分配明確的主代碼 **輔助代碼(UDI-PI)** 包含生產數據的輔助代碼(UDI-PI)是可變設計的: * 數量:2-5位數字,在主數據中包含維單位 * 7種可能的計算格式的到期日期 * 批號:0-18位,字母數字,空白,表示無批號 * 序列號1-18位,字母數字 * 生產日期 ### Maxicode 美國知名的UPS(United Parcel Service)快遞公司認知利用機器辨讀資訊可改善作業效率、服務品質,從1987年開始研究,發覺條碼是成本最低的可行方案。為了達到高速掃瞄的目的,UPS重新研發新的條碼,由美國自動辨識協會(AIMUSA)定符號規格,稱為Maxicode也稱牛眼碼。是一種中等容量、尺寸固定的矩陣式二維條碼,它由緊密相連的六邊形模組和位於符號中央位置的定位圖形所組成。Maxicode是特別為高速掃瞄而設計,UPS主要應用於包裹分類、搜尋和追蹤。 **(1)外觀** 1.外形正方形,由位於中央的同心圓定位及六邊形蜂巢式結構的資料所組成,這種排列方式使Maxicode可從任意方向快速掃瞄。 2.為了方便定位,使解碼更容易,掃瞄速度快,Maxicode的圖形與資料容量大小都是固定的,圖形固定約1平方英吋。 **(2)錯誤糾正能力**   Maxicode具有錯誤的糾正能力,以確保資訊是正確的,就算條碼受到部份損毀,資訊仍可完整讀出。 **(3)解碼速度**   Maxicode的最大優點在於其解碼速度相當快,Maxicode可在速度為每分鐘550英呎的輸送帶上成功讀取。 **(4)Maxicode的組成** 1.每個字元由6個六邊形的模組組成。 2.每個模組表示一個二進制位,深色模組 “1” ,淺色模組 “0”。 3.通常六個模組排成3層,順序為右上至左下,見圖所示。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/u2pEb6w.png) (MSB=最高有效位元,LSB=最低有效位元) **(5)資料容量** 位元組成排列方式: 884個六邊形模組中,有18個模組用於定位,剩餘866個為資料模組,因此資料容量最大為93個字元,則可存放138個數字。 ### GS1 條碼類型總表: ![](https://i.imgur.com/l9GCeN8.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/o4mebkJ.png) ## 識別編碼 ### 全球交易品項識別碼 GTIN Global Trade Item Number為識別商品品項的全球獨一性編號,就商品的資料管理而言,GTIN 代表商品品項,並且對應至資料庫中的商品資料,或對應至交易的訊息。 GTIN 包括零售單品、交易包裝單位如箱、盒等,在管理上必須與資料庫中的商品資料或交易訊息對應,以便讓供應鏈的各階段業者可讀取、流通共用。GTIN 編號結構有 14 碼、13 碼、12 碼及 8 碼四種編號 ![](https://i.imgur.com/9pgv44Y.png) 1. GTIN 配置都是根據 "GS1 General Specifications Standard" 來管理。 2. 商品條碼的配置必須嚴格遵守〝一物一號〞的原則。 3. 只要商品沒有作任何的改變,此項商品的 GTIN 就不應更改。 4. 商品的特徵如有更改,則必須重新配置一個 GTIN 碼。 5. GTIN 必需遵守不可再使用(no reuse)原則。 #### GTIN-13 絕大多數的零售商品都採用 GTIN-13,GTIN-13 的資料結構,是由「 GS1 國家代號」、「廠商代號」、「商品代號」及「檢核碼」所組成,用以識別交易項目、位置及特殊應用等。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/8zmE9ts.png) #### GTIN-8 縮短碼適用於小體積之商品,但必須是當 GTIN-13 條碼符號,無法在其商品有限的空間上印製時,才使用。由於只有八碼,僅由「 GS1 國家代號」、「商品代號」及「檢核碼」所組成,其中並無「廠商代號」可供識別。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/ZlRotJM.png) #### GTIN-14 GTIN-14 的資料結構,是由「配銷識別碼」、「 GS1 國家代號」、「廠商代號」、「商品代號」及「檢核碼」所組成。配銷識別碼可使用「0」、「1 ~ 8」、「9」分別表示各種規格化或非規格化包裝商品的數量。此種碼型適合直接印刷在瓦楞紙箱上,應用於商品裝卸、倉儲、運輸 等配銷過程中,商品種類及數量的辨識。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/Lzv1pgU.png) * 配銷識別碼只在 GTIN-14 的資料結構才有。配銷識別碼為 1 至 8 分別代表特定的數量單位,0 表示內裝單一品項,而 9 則用於表示非規則化包裝商品的數量。最簡單的編碼方法是以流水號方式,依順序配置於每一個交易單位。 * 公司前置碼是由 GS1 國家代號和廠商代號而組成。 * 商品代號不代表任何的分類意義,也沒有傳遞任何訊息,因此,基本上它是沒有任何意義。最簡單的編碼方法是以流水號的方式,依順序為每一商品品項編號。 * 檢核碼為 GTIN 的最後一碼,主要作用是確保識別號碼,正確地組成,而且條碼可被正確地讀取。檢核碼是為防止掃瞄裝置閱讀條碼時出現誤判的情況,故加上一位數的檢核碼。 **GTIN Management :** https://www.gs1.org/1/gtinrules/en/ ### 全球位置碼 GLN (Global Location Number)是運用條碼編號來識別任何法律的、功能的、以及實體的位址。交易夥伴通常會需要明確得知,商品物流過程中的地點和相關細節等資訊廠商。可以自行為每一個位址編定一個固定的號碼作為辨識用,包括 GS1 公司前置碼、位置代碼及檢核碼。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/X3WwIYs.png) ## 載體符號 ### EAN / UPC (零售業) * 指定給 POS(Point-of-Sale ,零售銷售點)使用,其是專為掃瞄頻繁的環境而設計。 * 當條碼必須同時在銷售點與物流端使用時,必須列印比「一般」的條碼尺寸較大一些,以方便於物流作業掃瞄。 * 像可變量交易品項與內部編碼等,會限制攜帶 GS1 Keys 與特定的識別碼,以達成特殊的應用目的。 #### EAN-8 & EAN-13 * EAN-8 用於小型包裝,其中EAN-13條碼會太大,使用GTIN-8。 * EAN-13 通常用於標記產品在零售點銷售和一般分銷,使用GTIN-13,用於世界範圍內的零售產品標記。零售商常用來識別私有品牌。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/f0XyOI4.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/Kf1bb0z.png) #### UPC-A & UPC-E * UPC-A uniquely identifies a product for retail checkout,使用GTIN-12 * UPC-E 允許使用 U.P.C.上的條形碼,It utilizes a zero-suppression method to compress the GTIN-12 into an 8-digit format ![](https://i.imgur.com/PnAmBZ3.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/2Fcgnd4.png) ### GS1-128 / ITF-14 (一般批發及物流) GS1-128條碼符號可攜帶所有 GS1 GTIN 與屬性資料,但不能用於零售端 POS 來識別交易品項。選用 GS1-128 最主要的原因是攜帶附加資訊,其可支援發貨、物品追蹤及配銷點收貨作業,指引實體物件的地址,還有其他訊息定義之補充,超過 48 字元時應採用二或三列印刷。 也使用 SSCC (Serial Shipping Container Code). ![](https://i.imgur.com/Os4XsCK.png) ITF-14 條碼符號型態是作為外箱或棧板之配銷單元來使用,其攜帶 GTIN-14 編號,並以特殊的交錯式 25 碼的方式編排符號,適合印製在瓦楞紙箱材質上。但因與 EAN-13 資料結構不同,ITF-14 並不為零售商店所使用的掃瞄器接受,所以不能作為零售端 POS 系統來識別零售包裝商品。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/OWwtA4M.png) ### GS1 DataBar 條碼 * 部份碼型可在 POS(Point-of-Sale,零售銷售點)掃瞄,此為比 EAN / UPC 較小的條碼,而且可攜帶額外資訊, 諸如:序號、有效期及批號等,印貼於生鮮蔬果本體上。 * GS1 DataBar 可攜帶所有 GS1 GTIN 與相關屬性資料,而且可在比 EAN / UPC 條碼較小的空間內應用。 * GS1 DataBar 條碼早已被認定可使用在全球不經過零售銷售點的醫療相關產品上。 #### GS1 DATABARTM TRUNCATED 專為非常小物品識別,主要用於醫療保健行業。使用 GTIN-12、GTIN-13、GTIN-14 ![](https://i.imgur.com/IwOYHjq.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/L6Eiy8J.png) #### GS1 DATABAR STACKED OMNIDIRECTIONAL 將 GTIN 信息壓縮成一個更緊湊的方形條形碼適用於 小包裝和鬆散的新鮮農產品。 它有全向掃描能力。 零售銷售點接受 GTIN-12 和 GTIN-13 結構。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/IwOYHjq.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/SfavegS.png) #### GS1 DATABAR LIMITED 專為非常小的物品標識,主要用於醫療保健行業。 無法使用平面 POS 掃描儀。It is “limited” to the useof zero ‘0’ or one ‘1’ in the first data position. ![](https://i.imgur.com/IwOYHjq.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/CFukCNm.png) #### GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED 用於標記跨銷售點應用程序的產品。它使用任何 GS1 標識號加上補充的 AI 元素字符串,例如重量和最佳食用日期,以線性符號表示,它有全向掃描能力。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/IwOYHjq.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/o3YiCSM.png) #### GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED STACKED 使用 GS1 DataBar Expanded Stacked用於標記跨越銷售點的產品 應用程序。 它使用任何 GS1 標識號加上輔助 AI 元素字符串, 例如重量和最佳食用日期,並堆疊起來。有全向掃描能力。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/IwOYHjq.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/w8ZkcrK.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/dCIV6SK.png) ### GS1 DataMatrix & GS1 QR Code * GS1 DataMatrix 是一種獨立的二維矩陣符號,由排列在周界內的方形模塊組成條碼符號,其可編碼 GS1 系統資料結構並提供其他技術優勢。採用 Data Matrix ISO 版本 ECC 200 資料結構,包括 FNC1 符號字符。可將符號「直接烙印」(Direct Part Marking)在物件上如手術器械等。 * GS1 QR 為 ISO / IEC QR 碼的子集,它是一種二維條碼矩陣符號。21×21 模組到 177×177 模組(版本 1~40,由一邊增加 4 模組的方式增之)。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/9hkcWGG.png) ## References * https://www.gs1hk.org/sites/default/files/2020-11/barcode-chart.pdf * https://www.gs1hk.org/zh-hk/get-a-barcode/what-gs1-barcode * https://www.gs1tw.org/twct/web/index.jsp * https://grinews.com/news/%E6%A2%9D%E7%A2%BC%E7%99%BE%E7%99%BE%E7%A8%AE-%E4%BA%8C%E7%B6%AD%E6%A2%9D%E7%A2%BC%E7%9A%84%E7%A8%AE%E9%A1%9Emaxicode%E6%A2%9D%E7%A2%BC/ * http://www.tktop.com/NewsDetail/2560503.html

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