# Debate (2022-05-22)

## Topic 1

### Statement:
Women in managerial positions in male-dominated industries should preferentially treat other women in the company (e.g. fast-track other women for promotions, pay women more in their teams, etc.)

### Premise
**1. What do we mean by male dominated industries?**
Male dominated industries would be:
1. Construction, transport, maintenance and military. Jobs with high risk and manual work.
2. Engineering, research technical corporate jobs.

**2. What do we mean by managerial positions?**
Someone overseeing mobility of employees in the corpoate heirarchy, their wages and trying to improve their productivity.

**3. What do we mean by preferential treatment?**
In order to improve productivity, some employees might be incentivised in ways such as improved place of work, pay or paid leaves during certain scenarios.

### For arguments
1. It should be as easy for a women to get into a particular industry as it is for a man to. (for freedom)
2. Females at 27%, males at 83%, India’s female labor force participation rate is lower than all G20 countries outside of Saudi Arabia.
3. India female labor force participation declining in spite of increases in education, declines in fertility, and continued economic growth.
4. Potential efficiency gains low female employment leaves on the table at the macro level (Kabeer and Natali 2013, World Bank 2012)
5. Strong relationship between women’s economic empowerment and development outcomes of interest, including children’s education, females’ age of marriage, and even girls’ health (see, for example, Sivasankaran 2014, Qian 2008, and Jensen 2012).
6. The dearth of female workforce participation stems from 2 main problems:
- The fact that women do not try to get into the workforce.
- The fact that many women leave their job due to various social aspects and workplace culture.
7. Certain practices which incentivize women to join the workforce and then retain them.

### Against arguments
1. Positions in companies should be goverened by merit rather than gender.
*Merit is important, but the under utilized skills and talent present in the female workforce cannot be used if it cannot retain them.*
2. If certain women are given preferential treatment over certain reasons, it will create animosity among men and other women in the same workplace wherein those emplyees will question the ethics of such a treatment. - [Stewart et al., 2011 - Journal of Business Ethics](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10551-010-0697-5)
3. Employees who believe that their company uses objective criteria related to skills and performance for the promotion process rate the process as fairer and do not perceive differential treatment among employees [Beehr et al., 2004 ](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0018726704043894)

5. Enforcing a glass ceiling based on gender is never ideal. But the opposite also is not.
6. Benefits such as maternity leaves or extended marriage leaves are welcome in the workplace. However fast-tracking promotion or increased pay for doing the same work is not.
7. Instead, women in managerial positions should focus on providing the women working under them with technical resources, increasing hiring of women based on competency, providing impetus for upward movement, some things which the men may have gotten already due to their dominance in the workforce.
8. Such an outlook has been known to increase job satisfaction ([Shockley and Singla, 2011](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0149206310394864)) and job engagement ([Babic et al., 2020](https://sajip.co.za/index.php/SAJIP/article/view/1628))

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## Topic 3

### Statement:
A citizen can stop paying taxes if they are not happy with the public services.

### Premise

**What do we mean by citizens?**
Citizens of a country are legal individuals of a country.

**What do we mean by "paying taxes"?**
Paying taxes means giving a percent of someone's income to the government for the upkeep of public infrastructure, defence, and others which in turn benefit thttps://hackmd.io/he "citizens" of the country.

**What do we mean by public services?**
Public services mean the public infrastructure such as transport, healthcare, emergency services. Even sectors such as defence can be considered public services as they seek to protect the citizens of the country.

### For arguments
1. A government should be functioning as a corporate entity wherin citizens pay for the services that they use or find important.
2. If they are paying for a service that is sub-par or entirely non-existent, which is true for multiple taxed areas, and instead of ddevelopment it incentivezes beuraucracy, corruption and such.
3. This places the burden of essential public infrastructure on

### Against arguments
1. Firstly, an individual cannot be relied upon to produce critique on services which they have no expertise on.
2. Moreover, simply because an individual is not happy with a serivce does not mean that they don't use the service and to maintain that service the government requires money.
3. There are certain essential public services that any individual simply cannot get by without.
4. There are many services that the government provides which cannot be explicitely stated that we use all the time such as public infracstructure, the judiciary, a framework where large scale human settlement can be done in a systematic manner.
5. Not using this means completely being off the grid, not using any government services, which means you cannot use any private sector services either becuause they all work within the framwork provided by the government which requires taxes to function.
6. Services that might not feel immeadiately useful might turn out to be useful in the future.
7. Since, one cannot alientate themself completely from government provided services, one is using government provided services at all times. As a result, one must also pay the government for such services in tax.

### Rebuttals