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    --- title: OpenStreetMap 通用演講投影片 tags: Templates, Talk, OpenStreetMap description: View the slide with "Slide Mode". --- # OpenStreetMap 通用演講投影片 <!-- Put the link to this slide here so people can follow --> slide: https://hackmd.io/84wLiKz-TpCrm3sd65bo-Q --- ## 我是誰? - OpenStreetMap :heart: Wikidata :heart: - Wikimedia Taiwan :cat: --- ## 為什麼要關注 OpenStreetMap * 受維基百科啟發,維基式產生地理資料 * OpenStreetMap 是跨語言的地理資料庫 * 允許國際化語言,也有在地化語言 * 能索引其他資料庫的資料,例如:Wikidata * OpenStreetMap 有經緯度資訊,也能存放地理資料本身的結構化資料 --- ## openstreetmap.org * https://www.openstreetmap.org * osm.org * 中文:開放街圖 --- ## 簡介 * OSM, osm.org * 開放街圖 * 2004成立,後來以英國NGO型式管理大家共編圖資 * 社群共編的網路地圖 * 維基百科版本的地圖 * 使用OSM的網站:Foursquare、Wikimedia、 Apple Photo、Facebook、實價登錄網站、台北市土壤潛勢地圖 ---- ## 創辦人 * 英國人 Steve Coast * GIS 領域學生 * 當年英國OS Geodata太貴了 * 受到維基百科影響,決定創辦類似的地圖計畫,讓所有人都能貢獻圖資 --- ## 資料格式 ![OSM data structure](https://i.imgur.com/mUI2wqw.png) * 點:實際帶有經緯度資訊的部分 * 線、區域:線段或構成封閉區域 * 關聯:多個線段或點的集合,可構成公車路線、行政邊界、溪流流域 --- ## 原始資料 ![OSM XML](https://i.imgur.com/huvIwIs.png) ---- ## 範例-摩茲工寮 https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/5773168030 點出位置 * leisure=hackerspace * name=摩茲工寮 * website=[https://moztw.org/space/](https://moztw.org/space/) * wikidata=Q61752245 ---- ## 範例2-中央藝文公園 https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/5177808 畫出範圍 * leisure=park * name=中央藝文公園(華山大草原) * wikidata=Q10875113 * wikipedia=zh:中央藝文公園 --- ## 硬體架構 ![OSM Components](https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/w/images/2/27/OSM_Components.svg) --- ## 台灣圖磚伺服器 ![Longma tile server](https://i.imgur.com/tQu63h6.png) --- ## 知名使用情境 * 災難後快速繪製地圖-Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team * 海地地震 * 海燕颱風 * 尼泊爾大地震 --- ## 印度多語言地圖 ![India Multilingual Map](https://i.imgur.com/N4O7Yk4.png) --- ## 線上互動地圖始祖-Google地圖 ![Google Maps first Slipy map](https://i.imgur.com/3UC0z1A.jpg) ---- ## Google地圖圖資多,導航便利 ![Google Maps Navigation](https://i.imgur.com/zzWhDEl.png) ---- ## Google地圖很好用 * 奠定線上地圖標準 * 人人很熟悉 * 工程師熟悉API * 但是...... ---- ## $$$$ ![Google Maps Platform API price](https://i.imgur.com/2UqPnFQ.png) ---- ## 留信用卡資訊 ![Google Maps no credit card](https://i.imgur.com/SIm4Cxi.png) ---- ## Google Maps Platform * 不論是否達收費標準,都需要留信用卡號 * 每千次API呼叫2~30美元 * 每月有200美元免費額度 * 網站擁有者初估收費漲1400% --- ## Pokemon Go! ![Pokemon Go Aprils Fool](https://blog.openstreetmap.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/pokemosm-768x705.png) ---- ## Pokemon Go! ![Pokemon Go map error](https://i.imgur.com/1de2gL6.png =271x) --- ## Facebook! ![Facebook Check](https://i.imgur.com/7SnrrMG.png =657x) ---- ## 2015年開始使用OSM ![Facebook Landmark](https://i.imgur.com/ce3nI2Y.png) ---- ## 有些Facebook用戶搞不清楚狀況 * 除了Google地圖其實還有其他的地圖業者 ![Facebook User note complain](https://i.imgur.com/pJm3azp.png =362x) ---- ## Facebook使用OSM現況 ![Facebook Old OSM](https://i.imgur.com/7pfRYjj.png) --- ## 回到 OpenStreetMap * 很多企業為了逃離Google採用OSM * $$$$ * 避免用競爭對手的產品 ---- ## Google地圖 Vs OpenStreetMap * 一家整合多項服務 vs 眾多廠商組合的服務 * Google包導航、街景、geocoding * 老字號 vs 跟風維基概念的鄉民計劃 * 街景:Google街景 vs Mapillary, KartaView * Geocoding: Google API vs Nominatim --- ## OSM 優勢 * 圖資採用 ODbL 開放資料庫授權 * 圖磚採用 Fair use,用量大請自行架伺服器或找廠商採商業方案 * 共同編輯,能容納被商業地圖忽略的不同類型資料 * 一份圖資,能夠弄出多樣的地圖 * 例如:消防設施、交通運輸、戶外運動、高壓電線 ---- ![Cyano](https://i.imgur.com/eygUDya.jpg) ---- ![OpenRailwayMap](https://i.imgur.com/JicOIhO.png) ---- ![OpenPT](https://i.imgur.com/8XS4Yxe.png) ---- ## OSM Mapnik <section data-background-iframe="https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=17/25.04375/121.53220" data-preload data-background-interactive> <h2>OSM Mapnik</h2> </section> ---- ## CyclOSM <section data-background-iframe="https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=17/25.04375/121.53086&layers=Y" data-preload data-background-interactive> <h2>CyclOSM</h2> </section> ---- ## 自行車地圖 <section data-background-iframe="https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=17/25.04375/121.53220&layers=C" data-preload data-background-interactive> <h2>自行車地圖</h2> </section> ---- ## 交通地圖 <section data-background-iframe="https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=17/25.04375/121.53220&layers=T" data-preload data-background-interactive> <h2>交通地圖</h2> </section> ---- ## ÖPNVKarte <section data-background-iframe="https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=17/25.04375/121.53220&layers=O" data-preload data-background-interactive> <h2>ÖPNVKarte </h2> </section> ---- ## 人道救援地圖 <section data-background-iframe="https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=17/25.04375/121.53220&layers=H" data-preload data-background-interactive> <h2>人道救援</h2> </section> ---- ## OpenInfraMap <section data-background-iframe="https://openinframap.org/#9.32/25.0113/121.511" data-preload data-background-interactive> <h2>Openinframap</h2> </section> ---- ## 災難繪圖 * 能夠快速反應繪製最新地圖,不被重視的地方 ![](https://i.imgur.com/LwVIBsb.jpg) ---- ## 以前的三鶯部落 ![](https://i.imgur.com/r1iTn1r.png) ---- ## 溪洲部落與小碧潭部落 ![](https://i.imgur.com/Hr6fdNU.png) --- ## OpenStreetMap 現況 兩大 App ![](https://i.imgur.com/MwLk68M.png) ---- ## 魯地圖 ![](https://i.imgur.com/cWWpitq.jpg) ---- ## 累積帳號 700 萬 ![](https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/w/images/thumb/7/79/Osmdbstats1_users.png/800px-Osmdbstats1_users.png) ---- ## 累積資料量 * 點 65 億 * 線近 5 億 * 關係 873 萬 ![](https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/w/images/thumb/e/e3/Osmdbstats2.png/800px-Osmdbstats2.png) 時間:2021-03-03 --- ## 編輯資料方式 * 實地探察、GPS * 開放資料 * 線上描圖 ---- ## 資料來源-GPS ![](https://i.imgur.com/4B2t478.png) ---- ## 資料來源-開放資料 * PTX 交通運輸資料整合平台 * 有公共自行車、公車站資料 * GNS-美軍地名資料 * ETC門架資料 * 各縣市消防栓資料 * 台北自來水處直飲台資料 * 村里邊界資料 * 教育部本地語言地名資料 ---- ## 線上描圖 ![](https://i.imgur.com/dfScFgf.png) ---- ## 編輯記錄 ![](https://i.imgur.com/BQ0pXvJ.png) ---- ## 錯誤偵測 <section data-background-iframe="https://tools.geofabrik.de/osmi/?view=geometry&lon=121.50182&lat=25.00208&zoom=11" data-preload data-background-interactive> <h2>OSMinspecter</h2> </section> --- ## 資料運用-Planet <section data-background-iframe="https://planet.openstreetmap.org/planet/full-history/" data-preload data-background-interactive> <h2>OSM Planet</h2> </section> ---- ## 資料運用-Geofabrik <section data-background-iframe="https://download.geofabrik.de/asia/taiwan.html" data-preload data-background-interactive> <h2>Geofabrik</h2> </section> ---- ## 資料運用-Overpas API * Overpass API * 地圖範圍的便利商店 ![](https://i.imgur.com/NdqciuG.jpg) ---- ## 複製例子-全台中正路 * http://overpass-turbo.eu/s/jby ![](https://i.imgur.com/28Qm35t.png) ---- ## 高壓電線與變電所 http://overpass-turbo.eu/s/kpv ![](https://i.imgur.com/14dvGkO.png) ---- ## 臺北市台鐵車站列表 ![](https://i.imgur.com/zCjRDhK.png) ---- ## 溪流資料列表 ![](https://i.imgur.com/InLoWvp.png) ---- ## 河川資料 ![JOSM River Relation](https://i.imgur.com/L3o35Z9.png) ---- ## 流向臺灣海峽或太平洋溪流 * https://overpass-turbo.eu/s/Rn3 ![](https://i.imgur.com/mMYpJ9y.png) ---- ## 溪流編輯 ![OSM iD edit](https://i.imgur.com/9cfXGk2.png) ---- ## 溪流編輯 ![OSM iD edit name](https://i.imgur.com/ZcKc47I.png) --- ## 水文資料來源 * GNS、GeoNames * 水利署公開文件 * 行政院公報 * Wikidata、Wikipedia * 區域排水整合型查詢系統 * 國土測繪中心通用版地圖 * [注意事項](https://hackmd.io/yFbhTOZzQYG4JZ8ziBK2cg) --- ## OSM x Wikidata 月聚 * 3/8 19:30 @摩茲工寮 * Facebook [OpenStreetMap台灣](https://www.facebook.com/groups/OpenStreetMap.TW/) --- ## 謝謝! :sheep: 你可以在以下管道找到我 - GitHub - Wikidata - OpenStreetMap - 或是 email 我 臉書社團: * Wikidata Taiwan * OpenStreetMap台灣 OSM Wiki [Taiwan](https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Taiwan)

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