## 講稿
### Taiwan

### Malaysia
### Xylia
* Hello, I’m Xylia. Thank you, Claire, for presenting our background, let’s introduce the policies for Malay Language, first, I will talk about the education part.
* In 1951, Malaysia set up Barnes Committee. They encouraged Chinese and Indians to give up their first language schools. And they support the National Schools teaching in Malay Language.
* In 1965, a bilingual system was used in Malay for Arts subjects and English for science and math.
* In 1983, all subjects including the sciences were taught in Malay in all public universities. At the same time, they set up the KBSR.
* In 1987, the Malaysian government considered SPM as a necessary license for admissions. The level of the SPM diploma is the same as the GCE O-Level diploma. This exam not only focuses on languages such as Malay, Chinese, English, and Tamil but also focuses on many subjects such as Math, Science, and technology.
* First, in 2002, the language policy was changed, so the Malaysian government provided international education and allowed foreign countries to set up universities in Malaysia.
* Second, English is the main language for teaching Science and Math.
* Last, the government set up the Malay language school, and it is free.
* (Next PPT)
* Please look at the yellow part. This is about a study of KBSR, the New Primary School Program in Malaysia. Their Primary School Program has focused on teaching Malay, English, Chinese, and Tamil.
* This is the education part of Malaysia. The third presenter, Iris, will present policies on Malaysia's social part.
### Zoe
* Thanks for Iris’s presentation.
* Now, let Leo and me explain the protection policies for Taiwanese. I will introduce you to the evolution of the policies and the policies from an educational aspect.
* The Taiwanese government began conducting language preservation-related surveys and formulating plans in 2019.
* According to the "National Language Overall Development Plan," the government initiated the formulation of a language development policy on January 8, 2019. In December, they started conducting a survey about language endangerment. As of July 2022, the formal plan to protect Taiwanese has been implemented.
* Here is the evolution of policy.I am going to describe the five policies from an educational aspect.
* First, to add national language courses, the table below shows that there is one class per week in elementary school and junior high school, while senior high school students receive two credits.
* Second, teachers will teach Taiwanese using an immersion and situational approach. In the national language class, they will only speak Taiwanese and let students learn it through speaking and listening.
* Thirdly, the government will provide funding to support activities related to Taiwanese, such as summer camps or teacher training.
* Fourth, the Ministry of Education will hold language competitions to encourage students to learn the national language and become proficient in speaking Taiwanese. The competition includes not only Taiwanese but also Hakka and tribal languages.
* These are the policies currently being implemented in Taiwan. Now, Leo will introduce you to the policies from a social aspect.

## Citations
### Claire

### Iris
1. Language Policy in Malaysia
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1mMZXbpkowQSbQFGF3D-QCQo90Xb1jTjCZjGIxcPUDl8/edit
### Leo
1. 台灣得的語言政策何去何從
http://www.uijin.idv.tw/doc/%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87%E8%91%97%E4%BD%9C/%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A%E5%8F%8A%E5%B0%88%E6%9B%B8%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8/200209%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%9A%84%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96%E4%BD%95%E5%8E%BB%E4%BD%95%E5%BE%9E.pdf
### Nicole

### Thomas
1. How to Maintain a Minority Language through Education
https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=74853

> Gao Hongna in her paper analyzes the importance of protecting minority languages, and the problems minor languages face during China’s social transition. She states that language is an important component of identity and culture for many groups.

> Maintaining their distinct identity and culture is usually important to minority group member’s self esteem and this will affect the degree of success achieved in the society.

>Language policy is of great importance for status and protection of minority and culture languages as well as the construction of a harmonious society and people of all nationalities ( Guo Huixiang, 2013 ).

### Xylia
1. The Ideological Stance of Multilingualism in Education in Malaysia in the Press 2000-2020
https://aseas.univie.ac.at/index.php/aseas/article/view/6347
2. Language Policies and Language Education Issues in Malyasia\
https://books.google.com.my/books?hl=zh-TW&lr=&id=M6zs7VN9PnEC&oi=fnd&pg=PA93&dq=Percentage+of+Malaysian+students+who+now+speak+Bahasa+Melayu&ots=gVsALPW5Tj&sig=4-352BBCdFjQ826r5nGhwluajzg#v=onepage&q=Percentage%20of%20Malaysian%20students%20who%20now%20speak%20Bahasa%20Melayu&f=false
### Zoe
1. 本土語言政策發展與復振的網路分析
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1bkkFNLPTfc6PyHR1wGbKZ8M33fb9EdCBuWcQbuIvrsg/edit
3. 檢討台語教育
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1DRtX8YYhNQQG0DGN7RkOqhuLHn89BXdOeZlY3lAlTIw/edit

## Main Structure
### Research Questions
### Greetings (介紹標題、組員 大家好...)
### Overview (我們這篇報告主要要說明的東西)
* In this presentation, we ....
* The definition of Language Protection Policy
### Background
#### 為什麼我們要報告這個主題
* Literature Review\
我們尋找問題的經過
* Crisis & Problem\
我們發現了什麼困難\
Ex:我們想要知道怎麼樣的政策比較完善
https://news.cts.com.tw/cts/society/202103/202103312036811.html
> 台語文教基金會執行長陳豐惠說：「如果這語言流失，就代表這族群的文化也跟著消失，以後沒有用這種語言，去演戲去寫詩去創作，這族群整個靈魂就不見了，這是一件非常嚴重的事。」
* Research Question\
我們根據我們發現的困難提出這個問題:\
What is the most effective policy the national government adopted to protect the Taiwanese and Malay languages?
* Purpose of Presentation\
我們的動機就是要解決我們的問題:\
To analyze the policies that the national government in Taiwan and Malaysia adopted to protect the languages.
### Finding
#### 既然我們要比較，那我們要先知道要比較的政策，然後再比較
1. 了解台灣的台語保護政策
2. 了解馬來西亞的馬來語推廣政策
3. 比較兩國的政策完善優劣
* 要加入圖表，可以增加可信度
### Conclusion and Recommendation
#### Conclusion
* 經過比較之後，我們發現...
* 我們把比較的分成好幾個方面\
1. Education
2. Society
3. The porpose of policies
* The langauge protection policies in Taiwan is to protect the Taiwanese language and culture, while Malaysia is to popularize Malay in Malaysia society.
*
#### Recommendation
* 台灣與馬來西亞可以互相學習對方的優點並且改善自己的缺點 (缺點是什麼、優點是什麼?)

## 報告中的人數分配
* Greetings, Overview, Background:1人
* Findings:
* 台灣:2人
* 馬來西亞:2人
* 比較 + 結論: 2人

## Malay Language
### The factor that provided the impetus for language policy:
1. The percentage of Malays was minimally larger than the other ethnic groups.
2. national identity and unity
3. The strong link perceived between medium of instruction in schools and existing economic and social opportunities.
### 1951,The British government set up the Barnes Committee.
1. Chinese and Indians are encouraged to give up their vernacular schools and opt for schools which had Malay as the only oriental language taught.
2. Priority in funding for elementary education should be given to the National Schools which used Malay as the medium of instruction.
### 1957,Education Ordinance
1. It is progressing at a very slow pace with regards its implementation in the education sector.
### 1959,Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
1. As a statutory body vested with the authority to promote literary growth and creative talents, and to publish books in the national language.
2. Corpus planning
3. Promotion of the social status or role of Bahasa Melayu
4. ‘‘The General Formula for the Coining of Terminology in Bahasa Malaysia’’:The government set up a team of Malaysian and Indonesian language planners and academicians to coin scientific and technological terms in Malay.
### 1965~1983,bilingual system gradually became monolingual
1. Bahasa Melayu for the Arts subjects and English medium for science and technology. Gradually, the bilingual system became completely monolingual, using only Bahasa Melayu.
2. 1967,the National Language Act:English was only taught as a compulsory subject in all schools. In vernacular schools, English and the Malay language were taught as subjects and the medium of instruction were the respective vernacular languages.
3. 1969, the one and only time when racial riots took place. After the racial riots, there was a strict and rapid implementation of a national language policy.
4. After 1983,all subjects including the sciences were taught in Bahasa Melayu in all public universities.
### 2002,Languages policy is changed
1. Malaysia had liberalized its educational policies.The goal was to provide for a transnational mode of education.
2. Allow established universities from foreign countries to set up branch campuses in Malaysia.
3. Introducing English as a medium of instruction for Science and Mathematics.
4. Malay language and English are both subjects.

### Challenge of Malaysia language policy
1. Knowledge Economy:economic value increasingly comes from knowledge-intensive work and increasingly less from physical production.
2. Knowledge and Information Explosion:As a result of the policy, there is a generation of school and university graduates educated and fluent in the national language who are not equally competent in the English language.Information need to be translated to Bahasa Melayu.But unfortunately, the translation process progressed at a slow pace.
3. Lack of Language Legislation in the Domain of Business and Industry:English is the language of communication in the domain of business and industry.Business in the corporate sector is conducted more in English than in Malay, in both local and international concerns.
4. Graduates from the private universities were more sought after by the companies in the private sector, largely because of their competency in English.Many graduates from public universities were unemployed.
5. Balance of economic development and language protection.

## Tips
### Discussion Test
* Everyone must speak
* The group leader is the moderator
* Do not interupt anyone
* 10 minutes total

### Slides
:::spoiler
* The sequence of the presenter must be arranged and must registered with full Chinese name.
* Function words must be capitalized.
* The contents of the slides must be as easy as possible for audiences to read.
* Background, Literature Review, Objectives, ~~Methodology~~, Findings, Conclusions, References.
* The number of words in descriptions must balanced.(The grammar should be correct, the tenses are the same...)
* One chart only per slides, in a graph, the bars should be labeled.
* The colors in the chart must be differentiated to others.
* Dont't put a full paragraph in a slide.
* Citations:
* Author prominent, Information prominent
:::
### Presentation
* Thank the presentor before you, and briefly introduce the topic after you, and the presentor after you too.
* Look at your audiences and do not read the slides in your presentation.

## Work Assignments:
* Taiwan: Leo, Zoe
* Malaysia: Iris, Xylia
* Comparism: Claire, Nicole, Thomas