Murphy Tsai
    • Create new note
    • Create a note from template
      • Sharing URL Link copied
      • /edit
      • View mode
        • Edit mode
        • View mode
        • Book mode
        • Slide mode
        Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
      • Customize slides
      • Note Permission
      • Read
        • Only me
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
        Only me Signed-in users Everyone
      • Write
        • Only me
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
        Only me Signed-in users Everyone
      • Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
    • Invite by email
      Invitee

      This note has no invitees

    • Publish Note

      Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note

      Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
      Your note is now live.
      This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
      Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.
      See published notes
      Unpublish note
      Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
      View profile
    • Commenting
      Permission
      Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    • Enable
    • Permission
      • Forbidden
      • Owners
      • Signed-in users
      • Everyone
    • Suggest edit
      Permission
      Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    • Enable
    • Permission
      • Forbidden
      • Owners
      • Signed-in users
    • Emoji Reply
    • Enable
    • Versions and GitHub Sync
    • Note settings
    • Note Insights
    • Engagement control
    • Transfer ownership
    • Delete this note
    • Save as template
    • Insert from template
    • Import from
      • Dropbox
      • Google Drive
      • Gist
      • Clipboard
    • Export to
      • Dropbox
      • Google Drive
      • Gist
    • Download
      • Markdown
      • HTML
      • Raw HTML
Menu Note settings Versions and GitHub Sync Note Insights Sharing URL Create Help
Create Create new note Create a note from template
Menu
Options
Engagement control Transfer ownership Delete this note
Import from
Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
Export to
Dropbox Google Drive Gist
Download
Markdown HTML Raw HTML
Back
Sharing URL Link copied
/edit
View mode
  • Edit mode
  • View mode
  • Book mode
  • Slide mode
Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
Customize slides
Note Permission
Read
Only me
  • Only me
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Only me Signed-in users Everyone
Write
Only me
  • Only me
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Only me Signed-in users Everyone
Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
  • Invite by email
    Invitee

    This note has no invitees

  • Publish Note

    Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note

    Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
    Your note is now live.
    This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
    Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.
    See published notes
    Unpublish note
    Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
    View profile
    Engagement control
    Commenting
    Permission
    Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    Enable
    Permission
    • Forbidden
    • Owners
    • Signed-in users
    • Everyone
    Suggest edit
    Permission
    Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    Enable
    Permission
    • Forbidden
    • Owners
    • Signed-in users
    Emoji Reply
    Enable
    Import from Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
       owned this note    owned this note      
    Published Linked with GitHub
    Subscribed
    • Any changes
      Be notified of any changes
    • Mention me
      Be notified of mention me
    • Unsubscribe
    Subscribe
    # [Javascript] 製作 Base on Cookie 的購物車 瀏覽器Cookie 為無狀態的Http協議帶來方便快速的解決方案,雖然太過依賴Cookie會產生潛在的風險,但用在一些不那麼需要注重安全的應用上還是非常適合,。 這篇文章會從認識cookie是什麼開始,到解說如何搭配cookie來製作商務網站常見的購物車。 大綱: - Cookie是什麼? - Client 端設計流程 - 存取Cookie - 撰寫更友善的JS Cookie Setter/Getter ## Cookie是什麼? Cookie是瀏覽器的預設機制,提供4MB的空間去給網站暫存後續還會用到的資料,讓資料在其他頁面也能夠被取得,如果我們開啟開發者工具來看,就可以看到目前client所有的cookie: ![](https://i.imgur.com/B6FfyI9.png) Cookie預設在每次網站送出Request的時候,就會被跟著夾帶到Server,而Server回傳Response的時候,也會把Cookie一起帶下來到瀏覽器端,看一下瀏覽器發出Request時的Header就可以發現這件事情:(下圖是Facebooke發出請求時的內容) ![](https://i.imgur.com/HwnV0Vn.png) 也可以從server端設定cookie,方法是在Response裡面夾帶名為 Set-Cookie的Header: ![](https://i.imgur.com/Yg3Pa2z.png) ## Client 端設計流程 可以想見購物車資料被修改的時機是在使用者將商品加入購物車的那一刻,這時候我們只要把商品數量跟id紀錄起來就可以了,因為使用者還有可能會購買其他商品,所以還不需要太詳細的商品資料: ``` flow onproduct=>operation: 商品細節頁 clickadd=>operation: 點擊加入購物車 setcookie=>operation: 將資訊更新至cookie onproduct->clickadd->setcookie ``` 直到使用者進入購物車準備結帳時,就會需要跟後端調用商品確切價錢、確認有無優惠等動作: ``` flow oncart=>operation: 使用者前往購物車頁面 sendReqtoBackend=>operation: 送出Request至後端 setcookie=>operation: 後端根據夾帶的Cookie找出相對的商品資料並回傳 oncart->sendReqtoBackend->setcookie ``` 由於cookie是會隨著送出的request一起到後端Server,因此我在後端可以直接拿到設定的cookie內容,然後去資料庫找到我要的相關資料,包成物件後再回傳到客戶端。 而直到使用者離開購物車頁面進入結帳頁面的最後一刻,我才會把剛剛使用者儲存的購物車資料存到Session,給訂單頁面的controller處理,避免使用者在結帳時發生商品資料與購買金額不一致的情形。 ## 存取Cookie **cookie 文件:** https://curl.haxx.se/rfc/cookie_spec.html 瀏覽器有提供api讓開發者使用js拿到cookie,直接使用document.cookie就可以拿到了: ### 拿到Cookie ``` js document.cookie ``` ### 設定cookie 設定cookie的方式並不是像操作js物件的Key/Value那麼直觀,而是要使用一定格式的字串"name=xxx" 但是後面會講到,可以利用js來包裝程簡潔好用function讓我們去設定它。 ``` document.cookie = "name=thecontentIwanttosave; path=/; expires=Thu, 18 Feb 2019 12:00:00 GMT"; ``` 要注意設定cookie時一起設定的path值會影響你在該頁面可以存取的cookie。 那麼path又是什麼?path是cookie的選項設定之一,跟domain可以搭配,domain是告訴瀏覽器這個cookie只能在這個被設定的域名下面使用,以防止別的網站可以拿到我的機密資訊。 **Cookie path syntax : ** > > The path attribute is used to specify the subset of URLs in a domain for which the cookie is valid. If a cookie has already passed domain matching, then the pathname component of the URL is compared with the path attribute, and if there is a match, the cookie is considered valid and is sent along with the URL request. The path "/foo" would match "/foobar" and "/foo/bar.html". The path "/" is the most general path. > > ## 撰寫更友善的JS Cookie Setter/Getter 當我跟瀏覽器拿到cookie的時候,可能拿到的東西是這樣一整個字串: ![](https://i.imgur.com/GoD3CkQ.png) 瀏覽器沒有提供key value存取,所以我們只能操作字串,既然cookie是用分號去分隔,那用js的split就可以解決: ``` JS var value = "; " + document.cookie; var parts = value.split("; " + name + "="); parts.pop().split(";").shift(); ``` 但也不可能每次要拿個cookie都要操作字串,所以為了讓開發上能夠更順暢,我們可以把這段code包成function,減少重複的code。 這裡還有兩件事要注意: 1. 空白字元在每個瀏覽器跟cookie的版本的表現可能都不一樣,因此以防萬一我們會將它轉為其他字元代替。 2. 為了避免編碼問題,我們統一將cookie轉為URI編碼。 ### Getter ``` js function setCookie(name,value){ value = encodeURIComponent(JSON.stringify(value).replaceAll(' ','+')) document.cookie=`${name}=${value}; path=/;` return getCookie(name) } ``` ### Setter ``` js function getCookie(name) { var value = "; " + document.cookie; var parts = value.split("; " + name + "="); let res if (parts.length == 2){ res= parts.pop().split(";").shift(); return JSON.parse(decodeURIComponent(res).replaceAll('+',' ')) }else{ return undefined } } ``` 做到這裡,就剩下畫面呈現跟功能操作了,你應該已經可以很順暢的開始開發購物車,如果有任何其他問題,非常樂意你聯絡我跟我討論: > Gmail : moojitsai@gmail.com

    Import from clipboard

    Paste your markdown or webpage here...

    Advanced permission required

    Your current role can only read. Ask the system administrator to acquire write and comment permission.

    This team is disabled

    Sorry, this team is disabled. You can't edit this note.

    This note is locked

    Sorry, only owner can edit this note.

    Reach the limit

    Sorry, you've reached the max length this note can be.
    Please reduce the content or divide it to more notes, thank you!

    Import from Gist

    Import from Snippet

    or

    Export to Snippet

    Are you sure?

    Do you really want to delete this note?
    All users will lose their connection.

    Create a note from template

    Create a note from template

    Oops...
    This template has been removed or transferred.
    Upgrade
    All
    • All
    • Team
    No template.

    Create a template

    Upgrade

    Delete template

    Do you really want to delete this template?
    Turn this template into a regular note and keep its content, versions, and comments.

    This page need refresh

    You have an incompatible client version.
    Refresh to update.
    New version available!
    See releases notes here
    Refresh to enjoy new features.
    Your user state has changed.
    Refresh to load new user state.

    Sign in

    Forgot password

    or

    By clicking below, you agree to our terms of service.

    Sign in via Facebook Sign in via Twitter Sign in via GitHub Sign in via Dropbox Sign in with Wallet
    Wallet ( )
    Connect another wallet

    New to HackMD? Sign up

    Help

    • English
    • 中文
    • Français
    • Deutsch
    • 日本語
    • Español
    • Català
    • Ελληνικά
    • Português
    • italiano
    • Türkçe
    • Русский
    • Nederlands
    • hrvatski jezik
    • język polski
    • Українська
    • हिन्दी
    • svenska
    • Esperanto
    • dansk

    Documents

    Help & Tutorial

    How to use Book mode

    Slide Example

    API Docs

    Edit in VSCode

    Install browser extension

    Contacts

    Feedback

    Discord

    Send us email

    Resources

    Releases

    Pricing

    Blog

    Policy

    Terms

    Privacy

    Cheatsheet

    Syntax Example Reference
    # Header Header 基本排版
    - Unordered List
    • Unordered List
    1. Ordered List
    1. Ordered List
    - [ ] Todo List
    • Todo List
    > Blockquote
    Blockquote
    **Bold font** Bold font
    *Italics font* Italics font
    ~~Strikethrough~~ Strikethrough
    19^th^ 19th
    H~2~O H2O
    ++Inserted text++ Inserted text
    ==Marked text== Marked text
    [link text](https:// "title") Link
    ![image alt](https:// "title") Image
    `Code` Code 在筆記中貼入程式碼
    ```javascript
    var i = 0;
    ```
    var i = 0;
    :smile: :smile: Emoji list
    {%youtube youtube_id %} Externals
    $L^aT_eX$ LaTeX
    :::info
    This is a alert area.
    :::

    This is a alert area.

    Versions and GitHub Sync
    Get Full History Access

    • Edit version name
    • Delete

    revision author avatar     named on  

    More Less

    Note content is identical to the latest version.
    Compare
      Choose a version
      No search result
      Version not found
    Sign in to link this note to GitHub
    Learn more
    This note is not linked with GitHub
     

    Feedback

    Submission failed, please try again

    Thanks for your support.

    On a scale of 0-10, how likely is it that you would recommend HackMD to your friends, family or business associates?

    Please give us some advice and help us improve HackMD.

     

    Thanks for your feedback

    Remove version name

    Do you want to remove this version name and description?

    Transfer ownership

    Transfer to
      Warning: is a public team. If you transfer note to this team, everyone on the web can find and read this note.

        Link with GitHub

        Please authorize HackMD on GitHub
        • Please sign in to GitHub and install the HackMD app on your GitHub repo.
        • HackMD links with GitHub through a GitHub App. You can choose which repo to install our App.
        Learn more  Sign in to GitHub

        Push the note to GitHub Push to GitHub Pull a file from GitHub

          Authorize again
         

        Choose which file to push to

        Select repo
        Refresh Authorize more repos
        Select branch
        Select file
        Select branch
        Choose version(s) to push
        • Save a new version and push
        • Choose from existing versions
        Include title and tags
        Available push count

        Pull from GitHub

         
        File from GitHub
        File from HackMD

        GitHub Link Settings

        File linked

        Linked by
        File path
        Last synced branch
        Available push count

        Danger Zone

        Unlink
        You will no longer receive notification when GitHub file changes after unlink.

        Syncing

        Push failed

        Push successfully