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    # val/box_loss(框損失) 用來表示在驗證數據集上,預測邊界框(bounding box)與真實框之間的誤差,box_loss越小表示預測的框越接近真實框,數值越低越好。應該要<=0.1 #### 計算方式 通常通過L2損失(均方誤差, MSE)或IoU損失(交並比, Intersection over Union)來計算。 #### yolo損失組成 * 中心點損失 預測與真實框中心點誤差,通常基於L2損失。 * 寬高損失 預測與真實框寬度與高度誤差,通常基於L2損失。 * IoU損失 計算預測框與真實框交集與聯合的比值,數值介於0到1之間,越高越好。 #### 如何優化 * 增加數據量 * 調整學習綠 * 數據增強 --- # val/dfl_loss(DFL 回歸預測的損失值) 驗證數據集集上 DFL 回歸預測的損失值。表示表示模型在驗證集上對物體的邊界框進行細緻回歸時的誤差,數值越小表示模型預測越精細,數值應<=0.1。 #### 計算 DFL 使用一個離散化策略來處理回歸問題: * 將連續的邊界框參數(如 x, y, w, h)離散化成固定數量的 bins,這些 bins 覆蓋參數的可能取值範圍。 * 每個 bin 中的值表示該參數落入該範圍的概率。 * 預測的框參數是根據這些概率進行加權平均計算得出的,這個過程讓模型能 夠精確地捕捉物體的邊界框位置和大小。 #### dfl_loss和box_loss差異 dfl會比box更加精細,box通常用於基本目標檢測,dfl目標是能在某些更複雜環境取得更好的性能。 #### 如何優化 * 增加數據量 * 改善數據增強 --- # cla_loss(Classification Loss 分類損失) 除了預測物體的邊界框,還需要預測這個邊界框內的物體屬於哪一個類別。cls_loss 的主要目標是確保模型預測的類別與真實標籤(ground truth)之間的差距最小化。 模型檢測到物體,正確識別並分類。 --- # precision(精準度) 衡量了模型在檢測到的所有物體中,正確分類為某類物體的比例 #### 定義 混淆矩陣: ![pasted image 0](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BJcOhSVmJg.png) 公式如下: $$ Precision= \frac{TP}{TP+FP}$$ * TP (True Positive): 模型正確預測的正樣本 * FP (False Positive): 模型錯誤預測為正樣本的負樣本 (因為類別只有一類,精度往往會特別高,故要配合其他指標) --- # F1-Confidence 衡量分類模型性能的重要指標,它綜合了精度(Precision)和召回率(Recall),用來評估模型在處理正負樣本時的表現 #### 計算公式: $$F1=2×\frac {Precision+Recall}{Precision×Recall}$$ * Precision:表示模型預測的正樣本中有多少是正確的(即真實為正) * Recall:表示所有應檢測的正樣本中有多少被正確檢測出來 ***主要表示在特定置信度下時的精準度*** --- # mAP50-95 衡量模型在多個 IoU(Intersection over Union)閾值下的平均準確度(AP, Average Precision) * AP是模型的精度和召回率之間的關係 * mAP 為平均值 #### 計算方式 mAP50-95,表示IoU閾值從0.50 到0.95,0.05為一個增量,計算的平均AP 數值越接近1表示模型定位框越精準 --- 因為只有一個類別,所以precision和recall都很高,可以觀察mAP50-95這張圖表,衡量模型在多個 IoU(Intersection over Union)閾值下的平均準確度(AP, Average Precision)。 $$ IoU = \frac{檢測框和真實框的交集}{檢測框和真實框的聯集} $$ 具體來說,它會在0IoU閾值從0.50到0.95之間(間隔 0.05)的10個不同 IoU閾值進行評估,並且每個IoU 閾值下計算一個AP值,然後取這10個AP 值的平均值,這就是mAP50-95,因此可以更全面反映模型的性能。 因為資料集不夠導致模型準確率下降

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