YiChen Pu
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    # Route Route是決定你網址路徑的對照表,他會決定你要往哪個controller還有往哪個action Rails會根據```config/routes.rb```決定會有什麼樣的路徑。 但也有非Route決定的網頁,Public檔案存放的就是非Route路徑的網頁,裡面有404.html這種找不到網頁或者是網站壞掉時用的頁面。 ## routes.rb的寫法 假設你的網頁首頁是http://localhost:3000/ ```ruby Rails.application.routes.draw do get "/", to: "welcome#home" end ``` 這時候會將網頁首頁換成welcome_controller的index這個action所對應的view/welcome/index_html.erb這個檔案的畫面。 另外設定首頁畫面也能這樣寫 ```ruby Rails.application.routes.draw do root "welcome#home" end ``` --- ```ruby Rails.application.routes.draw do get "/about", to: "pages#about" end ``` http://localhost:3000/about 這個網頁會導向pages_controller的about action所對應的view --- ```ruby Rails.application.routes.draw do post '/blog/:id', to: 'blog#create' # id是變數,可以依照需求設定變數,例如:a,:b,:cat,:handler 等等 end ``` 除了get以外,也可以使用其他REST語法。 * GET 讀取資源 * PUT 替換資源 * PATCH 更換資源部分內容 * DELETE 刪除資源 * OPTIONS 回傳該資源所支援的所有 HTTP 請求方法 * CONNECT 將連線請求轉換至 TCP/IP 隧道 * POST 新增資源 --- ### 轉址 Route 除了做路徑對照外,也可以直接做轉址: ```ruby Rails.application.routes.draw do get '/users', to: redirect('/accounts') end ``` 只要到了/users就會自動轉到/accounts的位置,除了站內的網址也可以設定轉往站外 ```ruby Rails.application.routes.draw do get '/users',to: redirect('https://google.com') end ``` 只要到了/users就會自動轉去google網頁 --- ### resources/resource Rails 也有讓你可以快速開出八條常用路徑的方法。 ```ruby Rails.application.routes.draw do resources :users end ``` 想要看現在有什麼路徑可以在終端機輸入 ``` $rails routes ``` 如果想要縮小範圍只找users的路徑 ``` $rails routes -c users ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/xKgzpoy.png) --- 如果你不想要你的網址有id的話,少打一個s變成resource ```ruby Rails.application.routes.draw do resource :users end ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/UUTTnw8.png) 單數的路徑除了沒有帶有 id 之外,也沒有**index** --- ### 如果我覺得八條路徑太多了,不想要這麼多怎麼辦? **我想要index,new,create這三個action的路徑就好** ```ruby Rails.application.routes.draw do resources :users,only: [:index, :new, :create] end ``` --- **我只想要show這個acion的路徑** ```ruby Rails.application.routes.draw do resources :users,except: [:show] end ``` --- ## 這八個路徑不夠用,我還想增加該怎麼辦? 如果我想要多一個/users/sign_for的路徑 ```ruby Rails.application.routes.draw do resource :users do get :sign_for end end ``` 我不想要new,我想要叫sign_for ```ruby Rails.application.routes.draw do resource :users,except: [:new] do get :sign_for end end ``` resources跟resource的差別 ``` resources :cats do get :food end ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/8r8jk2u.png) ``` resource :cats do get :food end ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/IL0jNNn.png) resources會生出一個:cat_id,但是會跟:id容易搞混 --- 在Resources會使用member與collection member與collection的差別是member的路徑有:id,collection沒有。 ```ruby Rails.application.routes.draw do resources :users,except: [:new] do member do get :sign_for end end end ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/CUPMmbD.png) ```ruby Rails.application.routes.draw do resources :users,except: [:new] do collection do get :sign_for end end end ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/78o4gOc.png) --- ## Namespace 我想要在/users前面多一段/api http://localhost:3000/api/users ```ruby Rails.application.routes.draw do namespace :api do resources :users end end ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/qXG8nLY.png) --- #### shallow ```ruby Rails.application.routes.draw do resources :dogs,except: [:index,:new,:create] resources :cats do resources :dogs,only: [:index,:new,:create] end end ``` 使用shallow可以得到一樣的路徑 ```ruby Rails.application.routes.draw do resources :cats do resources :dogs,shallow: true end end ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/gxgCNUP.png) --- ### scope namespace的路徑名比較嚴格無法用變數,當路徑想要用變數的時候可以用scope ```ruby Rails.application.routes.draw do scope :cats do resources :dogs end end ``` scope的路徑名可以用字串,不會只能用符號 ```ruby Rails.application.routes.draw do scope "cats" do resources :dogs end end ``` 寫上module可以增加controller的上一層資料表,不過不知道哪裡會用的上就是了。 ```ruby Rails.application.routes.draw do scope "cats",module: "animal" do resources :dogs end end ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/nqgPQsm.png) ```ruby Rails.application.routes.draw do scope "@:cats" do resources :dogs end end ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/gOAlJJF.png) 透過字串的寫法,我們能在scope的路徑寫上變數

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