Miya Jian
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# Leaflet 開源地圖 ## 開源地圖(open street map)的原理 ### 地圖本身:圖磚 不管是 Google Map 還是其他的開源地圖,都是由「圖磚」所組成。雖然我們在手機或網頁上,看見的是一大片的地圖,而且似乎可以無限延伸,但是其實只是一塊一塊的局部地圖(檔案為圖片檔,png/jpg)組裝起來的。所以,當我們像開源地圖的來源申請地圖時,他其實只是即時地把某個範圍的地圖圖片傳輸給我們而已。 ### 定位 定位的技術,則是透過經緯度把某個位置標記在地圖上。 ## LeafLet 和 OpenStreetMap 的差異 ### LeafLet 是 JS 框架 就像 jquery 一樣,提供了常見的 JS 功能,包括載入地圖資料(圖資),在地圖上標記標示點等等。 ### OpenStreetMap 則是圖資本身 圖資指的是地圖的資料庫,包括地圖、重要標記點(餐廳、旅館、商家、各種地標等等)。例如,Google Map 就是一種圖資,其他包括 Safari Map、OpenStreetMap。Google Map 最大的特色在於這個地圖系統更新頻率高、而且有大量的評價。不過,Google Map並不是免費的,而是依據流量收費(重新整理一次即收一次費用)。若是商用的話,或是會有大量瀏覽流量,不可不慎。 臺灣也有公司提供臺灣的地圖資料庫。 *因此,在尋找適用的圖資時,地圖的範圍就是非常值得注意的地方。例如,今天的客戶都是臺灣人,那麼取得世界地圖就會有點浪費空間了。反之亦然。 ## 開始Leaflet囉 ### 記得先把 Leaflet 這個資料庫載進網頁 方法和 jQuery 一樣。 ### 在網頁上畫個框框放地圖進來 就像 Google Map 一樣,在載入地圖之前,我們需要先在網頁上給這個地圖規劃出顯示的範圍,而這個範圍必須是區塊元素。Leaflet 是以 map 這個 id 名稱辨識出這個網頁是哪一個地方要放地圖的。 ``` <div id="map"></div> ``` JS: ``` var map = L.map('map',{ center: []//經緯度 zoom: 16 //數值越大,顯示的範圍越精細,eg 3 顯示世界地圖 }) ``` 跟 JS 說我要建立一個變數,這個變數是透過 Leaflet(L)使用它提供的 map() 這個方法,建立起來的地圖。 這時候地圖的骨架就建立好了。可是,當你檢視網頁時,你會發現z頁上一片空白。這是因為 Leaflet 只建立了方法,它已經幫你幫經緯度畫好了(可是我們看不到),也透過這個經緯度的系統把標記點 標上了,但地圖本身還沒有載入。 所以,我們還要透過以下的程式碼,告訴 Leaflet 我們要用哪個圖資(圖床): ``` L.tileLayer('https://{s}.tile.openstreetmap.org/{z}/{x}/{y}.png',{attribution:'...'}).addTo(map) ``` 上述地圖的 z, x, y 是什麼呢?那就是圖資提供我們的每個地圖圖磚的數值。雖然這串程式碼看似只有一張圖片,但是實際上卻是一連串的地圖圖磚,待輸出到網頁時組裝起來。 ## 在地圖上加上標記: ``` L.marker([/* 經緯度 */]).addTo(map) .bindPopup('<h1>高雄軟體園區</h1>') //標記上增加文字 .openPopup(); //marker ``` ## 總結 1. 宣告地圖: L.map() 2. 置入地圖圖層:L.tileLayer() 3. 地圖 marker: L.marker() 4. 任何東西加到地圖上:addTo()

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