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    # 機器經濟 - 通過自動機器到機器交易實現的分散式未來! 原文:[Machine Economy — a decentralized future that is enabled by autonomous machine-to-Machine transactions!](https://medium.com/innogy-innovation-hub/machine-economy-a-decentralized-future-that-is-enabled-by-autonomous-machine-to-machine-e497b90f13c1) 作者:Kerstin Eichmann Managing Director innogy innovation Hub Berlin, Strategy Lead Machine Economy Investment Cluster #Blockchain #IoT #Crypto-Economics Jan 20 “物聯網就是,當你的烤麵包機開採比特幣,以償還賭博債務給冰箱的時候” ![](https://i.imgur.com/AvB2XgO.png) 這句話很好地描述了未來的樣貌,以及機器經濟的本質:一切都將是智慧的,自主卻又相互連接的、經濟上獨立的,並且最有可能由新的技術骨幹管理 - 而不再是舊的大型計算機。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/jyRLfsS.png) 在 2020 年到 2025 年之間,我們的世界將由 500 億連接設備,1 億台機器人和 2000 萬輛電動汽車的新物種組成。世界經濟論壇也證實了這一點,他們認為會計,採購和結算的 30% 將由區塊鏈和人工智慧完成。 到 2025 年,10% 的 GDP 將基於區塊鏈技術,社會將被新型自動機器,自動駕駛汽車,決策 AI 和 CRISPR DNA CRISPR DNA editing robots 所包圍...... **機器是未來的客戶......** ![](https://i.imgur.com/HkzxT3t.png) 這就是我們如何得出機器將成為未來客戶的假設。 使用 API,分散式分類帳技術和 AI,將從以用戶(人類)為中心的設計轉變為更加以機器為中心的 UX: 這裡的 API 將代表通信的頻道,AI 將管理商品,可用性和價格的評級KPI,DLT將減少交易和結算之間的延遲,特別是在供應鏈中,通過削減耗時且成本密集的中間人。 我們假設機器遲早會整合錢包。 已經在這方面做出了第一次嘗試。使用以太坊 (Ethereum) 可以部署帶有智慧合約的錢包,Micro Raiden 支持 M2M 微交易,IOTA 追求與 Tangle 類似的目標。新的收入流是基於API級別的微交易生成的,不僅適用於軟件解決方案供應商,也適用於硬件供應商。一切都可以被代幣化:物聯網領域出現了新的代幣經濟,服務的摩擦可以貨幣化: * 閘道請求 * GPS請求 * 存儲 * 位置證明 * 身份證明 * 存在證明 從現在開始,人和機器可以利用自己的商品和服務(例如計算能力,能源,存儲,頻寬)來塑造和發展整個新經濟體或網路,並同時支付:P2P 或 M2M。 **innogy 計劃成為這款新遊戲的關鍵角色......** ## 挑戰 但是,這也意味著個體必須承擔更多責任:自由和獨立的代價是分配時間來獲取知識。人們必須理解(高階)底層技術或代幣設計的原理。個人必須了解存在哪些風險(例如私鑰丟失),如何最小化風險以及如何利用這一個新責任。降低技術和金融文盲比以往任何時候都更加重要。另一方面,政府必須為基於代幣的商業模式開發新的法律框架(稅收,ICO,基金會),以保護人員,創業公司和企業,並促進創新。 **讓我們滿足機器的需求......!** ![](https://i.imgur.com/N78OX5T.png) 為實現這一目標,我們專注於幾項創業投資:我們希望通過建構滿足機器需求的公司組合來塑造機器經濟。這就是我們採用馬斯洛金字塔 (Maslow pyramid) 的原因。這有助於我們回答這個議題:塑造和發展分散經濟的最重要的組成部分是什麼,不僅人類而且設備可以相互通信並相互交易。對於人類而言,金字塔的基礎包括生理需求,如空氣,水和食物。 對於機器,我們可以應用非常相似的層次結構:它從最基本的需求開始。 **能源 ...** 計算能力和網路連接。 2017年,我們專注於商業模式創新,並在垂直行業(如移動性,能源和供應鏈)中創建了多個用例。例如:能源和電動汽車。這很簡單。 我們只是在公共以太坊區塊鏈上放置一根充電桿和一輛汽車,並為它們提供一個完整的節點。因此,兩個資產都有一個獨特的身份,使他們能夠自動相互交易 ...... 完全監管,無需信任(中間人),銀行或漫遊合作夥伴。 更多關於[分享和收費](https://shareandcharge.com/?utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=S-de_DE%3A%20Brand&gclid=CjwKCAiAtdDTBRArEiwAPT4y-_7HVxxXAduBxrTt_nm_fRiXpFYv-bndNiOjWu2Z1qN7mmb2jwwaAhoCCmwQAvD_BwE)。 **安全和保障** 再往下一個層次提供安全和保障,在機器或物聯網設備的情況下,包括可靠的基礎設施,oracles,可執行和解密的可信環境,預測性維護甚至後量子時代抵抗力。 **社會歸屬** 再往下一個層次 - 社會歸屬 - 意味著我們為機器分配身份以實現 M2M 協作。 在這個階段,機器可以使其存在為另一個設備所知,與之通信並完成交易,同時保持其自身所需的安全級別。 **尊重** 再往下一個層次 - 自尊 - 已經可以通過機器實現 - 它只是通過機器學習來學習,優化和做出自主決策的能力。 當機器正在尋找最優惠的價格時,我們也可以感受到某種創業態度,例如當 3D 印表機正在尋找最佳價格原材料時,我們需要 M2M 支付,嵌入式錢包,KYM for machines (Know your machines) 和代幣作為可程式化的貨幣。 **自我實現** 最後,我們在最頂層進行了自我實現:這就是 DAO (decentralized autonomous organization),一個分散的自治組織,表現出自我實現的願望。 **我們的投資策略:機器馬斯洛 (Maslow for Machines)。** ![](https://i.imgur.com/FyUF46P.png) 我們的投資組合包括目前的 7 項投資: 2017年,我們從基礎層開始:能源和我們自己的 Corporate Spin-Off Conjoule,一個基於區塊鏈和 Motionwerk 的 P2P 能源交易新創公司,為電動汽車提供分散的充電網路。在 2018 年,我們將重點放在基礎設施,Oracles,Identity 和 Tokens 上,作為新的投資工具。 **資料庫 - 社會歸屬** [BigchainDB](https://www.bigchaindb.com/):這是我們的第一筆投資:憑藉高吞吐量,亞秒級延遲和強大的功能來實現業務流程自動化,BigchainDB 的外觀,行為和感覺就像一個具有附加區塊鏈特徵的資料庫。 **Oracles - 安全和保障** [ScanTrust](https://www.scantrust.com/):我們還投資了 Scantrust,它處理產品認證,非常有趣的是 “不完美的東西” 作為唯一標識符。 [Cryptowerk](https://cryptowerk.com/):我們投資的另一家公司是 Cryptowerk:他們的業務範圍是為企業公司簡化區塊鏈應用程序的開發。 他們的技術通過加密捆綁單個交易來實現高交易吞吐量,然後將僅具有一個單個交易的捆綁包錨定到公共區塊鏈中,例如, 比特幣或以太坊。 結果,它通過捆綁它們來降低每個單獨交易的成本。 捆綁的交易可以根據要求分解,並在需要時單獨驗證。 **自尊 - 代幣** [XTECH](https://xtech.ai/) 不僅提供 M2M 支付模組,還提供高速交易引擎,每秒交易量高達 100 萬次。 [Neufund](https://neufund.org/):我們最近的投資是Neufund,這是一個位於柏林的新社群擁有的 cryptofund。 **機會空間** ![](https://i.imgur.com/3In7JDp.png) 以下是我們目前正在深入研究的內容概述。 Oracle,Identity,database/AI,devTools 以及 Crypto-Token-Economy 的新形式投資。我們很高興與初創公司,共同投資者和戰略合作夥伴進行對話。我們的投資澤度大小範圍通常在 250k 之間 - 種子前,500k 種子和100 萬(A輪)。從第一天起,我們希望成為每家公司的戰略投資者。 我們作為投資者的提議是行業合作夥伴網路,在相關時間訪問我們自己的核心業務以及ICO等新投資工具的靈活性。 請隨時與我們聯繫! kerstin.eichmann@innogy.com ###### tags: 'Machine Economy'

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