# Was Kleros Attacked by its Founder?

## Context

This article exposes behavioural patterns from the Kleros Founder Clément Lesaege and the suspicion of whether he attacked The Kleros Technical and General Courts as it was exposed by [mizu.eth](https://twitter.com/mizu_eth) and [FatManTerra](https://twitter.com/FatManTerra/status/1551511785433403392?s=20&t=JAXitnzNxNB4vPSx3xTv4Q).

For a brief recap, you may find that apparently the Kleros Founder controlled at least 3 Juror Addresses that singlehandedly changed the result of [case 1170](https://resolve.kleros.io/cases/1170) that was about an insurance claim on [Unslashed](https://unslashed.finance/):


[According to FatManTerra](https://twitter.com/FatManTerra/status/1551511785433403392?s=20&t=JAXitnzNxNB4vPSx3xTv4Q), an undisclosed investment of ~$500K was made from a shadow wallet by Kleros Founders:


The purpose of this article is to gather facts and hard data on whether the Kleros Founder has in fact attacked the courts for his own benefit or not.

For this purpose, we will provide a detailed analysis of the sybil accounts that seem to be linked to him and provide evidence on them. Then we will provide the specific details on how he seems to have held an attack on the courts on each successive round of the case.

---

## The Sybil Accounts

We have detected at least 5 Ethereum addresses that are directly related to the Kleros Founder, [Clément Lesaege](https://twitter.com/clesaege).

* 0xfd1af514b8b2bf00d1999497668bff26ccdf4c8a
* This is his Proof of Humanity Address
* no PNK stake in courts (as of 2022-07-29)
* ==we will refer to this address as **Clement-1**==

* 0x5e7b645d5bf86750cb1913122ba8a8545e2a9fd1
* His clesaege.eth ENS was created with this address: https://etherscan.io/tx/0x42fb2b18d8b6bb636d9ffd84273dc950c503d3005272ae449a1609e543ecb548.
* Funded his PoH account with this address.
* no PNK stake in courts (as of 2022-07-29) but has stake movements https://etherscan.io/address/0x5e7b645d5bf86750cb1913122ba8a8545e2a9fd1?method=0x85c855f3
* ==we will refer to this address as **Clement-2**==

* 0x334f12afb7d8740868be04719639616533075234
* is funded by **Clement-2**
* Stake movements https://etherscan.io/address/0x334f12afb7d8740868be04719639616533075234?toaddress=0x988b3A538b618C7A603e1c11Ab82Cd16dbE28069&method=0x85c855f3
* This account makes a collateral deposit of 500k in unslashed https://etherscan.io/tx/0x388f973d288d28f3271a7f096d73af5c342daa15b8d148764d60c26b58cfee57
* ==we will refer to this address as **Clement-3**==

* 0x0041179685dcbfdce65e4a3bf6852ea9fe878b78
* Possibly a "bridge" wallet
* Moved thousands of ETH to and from **Clement-3**
* ==we will refer to this address as **Clement-4**==

* 0x930c54fD12Bc507DE14ce3967E715e6D9cD70ec4
* A juror wallet
* Fifth largest staker in General Court.
* Deployed [this contract](https://etherscan.io/address/0x5edf42ce9da28d0b1790c6093103526e3bb88ef3) that allows to sell ERC20 tokens for ETH where **he appears as the only author** (see line 248 of the contract). 
* ==we will refer to this address as **Clement-5**==

* 0x177b5f17061067dbbdca7fab17b1deb9ef35d34a
* This is not a sybil account but it seems to be a person closely related to Clement (girlfriend?). https://twitter.com/clesaege/status/1551642285363847170/photo/2 and https://proof-of-humanity.netlify.app/profile/0x177b5f17061067dbbdca7fab17b1deb9ef35d34a
* Funded by **Clement-2**
* The reason we mention it is that it has a PoH profile and has submitted evidences in the Unslashed cases.
* ==we will refer to this address as **Pone Pone**==

---

## The Relation between Sybils

- We see transactions between ==Clement-2== and ==Clement-3== with the RADAR token: https://etherscan.io/token/0x44709a920fccf795fbc57baa433cc3dd53c44dbe?a=0x5e7b645d5bf86750cb1913122ba8a8545e2a9fd1

- There's a Kraken receiving address that gets funds from both ==Clement-5== and ==Clement-3==: https://etherscan.io/address/0xb3553a0772277a165f38d6d396d58963974fb90d
- That same Kraken Address has also received funds from 0xcebf0176388902900a2ed756d4a423058fcaa0c6 which is a party a Multisig containing 60M PNK: https://etherscan.io/address/0xadf0e9b0ac37aedadc66c0680791ebea8f8e4dac
- The other addresses on the multisig are 0x212b11cee2594eda2d46b7c257bf3428befa220e which seems to have the same owner as ==Clement-2== (all ETH was transfered over), ==Clement-3== and the Kleros Cooperative Multisig (0x67a5).

* PNK transactions in the Multisig show transfers from and to ==Clement-2== and ==Clement-5==
https://etherscan.io/token/0x93ed3fbe21207ec2e8f2d3c3de6e058cb73bc04d?a=0xadf0e9b0ac37aedadc66c0680791ebea8f8e4dac

We believe that 60M of PNK could be under the control of Clement.

---

## The Attack

April 13 Case 1170 is created in Technical court (`courtID` #4) which has Blockchain court (`courtId` #1) as a parent, which has General court (`courtId` #0) as a parent.

We believe that the intent of Clément Lesaege was to attack these courts in order to **reject the claim** (a ruling that votes "no").

For the purposes of this report it is important to pay attention to the dates. You may find information about the dispute on https://klerosboard.com/dispute/?id=1170&network=mainnet

---

* ### Round: 0
* Goes **until April 21**
* Votes: 1 Yes and **2 No**

The first ruling is satisfactory to the wishes of Clement. But the case gets appelaed and goes to a new round, this time with a different ruling.

---

* ### Round: 1
* Goes **until April 30**
* Votes: 4 Yes, **1 No** and 2 Pending

Now, the votes do not go in the desired direction of Clement. A new appeal happens.

---

* ### Round: 2
* **May 1**
* ==Clement-2== (0x5e7b645d5bf86750cb1913122ba8a8545e2a9fd1)
* Stakes 300k PNK in Technical court (#4)
https://etherscan.io/tx/0x5fd29a89bd7c1a17d21dcc5f869a44a749743278fc1637b56bed7f300d376056
* Stakes another 3M PNK in Technical court (#4)
https://etherscan.io/tx/0x246c19dd072eb969f2027556a7a24fce55ebc8cb635bd2194e88d32450cdd56e
* Submits evidence #19 supporting the NO

* **May 2**

* ==Clement-2== (0x5e7b645d5bf86750cb1913122ba8a8545e2a9fd1)

* Votes No on case 1170 with 6 seats
https://etherscan.io/tx/0xd395deebfa289f2d9db5cb636a6359deebb7ce14b8521100415fdbc947c1b96c

Round 2 is ruled in favor of Avraham's will with 9 Yes and 6 No. **The 6 NO comes from ==Clement-2== address 0x5e7b645d5bf86750cb1913122ba8a8545e2a9fd1

---

* ### Round: 3

* **May 6**

* ==Clement-3== (0x334f12afb7d8740868be04719639616533075234)

* Stakes 4.65M PNK in general court (#0)
https://etherscan.io/tx/0x07173785cca2669d1510b8c2008172b99a671c872e1382c2bd76e1833c55ef44
* Stakes 5M PNK in technical court (#4)
https://etherscan.io/tx/0x9123e93b1138faef9d0103a750f3d9ba70123753e71c7f09bc6a39747e2234b6

* ==Clement-5== (0x930c54fD12Bc507DE14ce3967E715e6D9cD70ec4)

* Stakes 16.6M PNK in general court (#0)
https://etherscan.io/tx/0x9e6bc4129dfcf4fc0f61014645a13fe8cdf78123007d4ec9dd7d6a0dd02441b1
* Stakes 5M PNK in technical court (#4)
https://etherscan.io/tx/0xa86183e6c5432147ed25845cd03d2b343512ff95abc6c04a66122eaa9bbea9c0

* **May 7**

* ==Clement-2== (0x5e7b645d5bf86750cb1913122ba8a8545e2a9fd1)

* Votes No on case 1170 with 3 seats
https://etherscan.io/tx/0x382bcfea2e1d5963eddaac2e39520b52f9053d0c665ece57fd9364e056906982

* **May 13**

* ==Clement-3== (0x334f12afb7d8740868be04719639616533075234)

* Votes No on case 1170 with 4 seats
https://etherscan.io/tx/0x41c3b114b724d99b7a18e5e0584063eb294f2c0b9b7caac5c500cdca75416af6

* ==Clement-5== (0x930c54fD12Bc507DE14ce3967E715e6D9cD70ec4)

* Votes No on case 1170 with 8 seats
https://etherscan.io/tx/0x6d56f45bd76658d6881f90831a76e84c8b4de62751e4e5fab496e0ab146793ad

Round 3 is ruled against Avraham's will with 15 Yes and 16 No. **It is worth to point out that **15 out of 16 NO come from addresses** ==Clement-2== (0x5e7b...9fd1), ==Clement-3== (0x334f...5234) and ==Clement-5== (0x930c...0ec4).

---

* ### Round: 4

* **May 18**

* ==Clement-2== (0x5e7b645d5bf86750cb1913122ba8a8545e2a9fd1)

* Votes No on case 1170 with 4 seats
https://etherscan.io/tx/0x20f7d1602e50588b13bd977cc0fe3a1889051543e1da3801615485da4c3a197e

* **May 22**
* ==Clement-3== (0x334f12afb7d8740868be04719639616533075234)

* Votes No on case 1170 with 19 seats
https://etherscan.io/tx/0xb4c1b2193bc47a559cf7dd6e7cc2c6214854643b31d8a0d1e847aa61c8134066

* ==Clement-1== (0xfd1af514b8b2bf00d1999497668bff26ccdf4c8a)

* Submits evidence #7, #8 and #10 to support the NO, but does not stake, nor vote in 1170

* **May 24**

* ==Clement-5== (0x930c54fD12Bc507DE14ce3967E715e6D9cD70ec4)

* Votes No on case 1170 with 18 seats
https://etherscan.io/tx/0xb407e3be21f2f27d2676e83d222aea0275384e47a430f5a434dbb3f1ea7b821c

Round 4 is ruled against Avraham's will with **21 Yes and 41 No (and 1 pending). It is worth to point out that 41 out of 41 NO come from** addresses ==Clement-2== (0x5e7b...9fd1), ==Clement-3== (0x334f...5234) and ==Clement-5== (0x930c...0ec4).

---

* ### Round: 5

* **May 29**

* ==Clement-2== (0x5e7b...9fd1)

* Stakes 2.7M in technical court (#4)
https://etherscan.io/tx/0xdd855ac662c88af7d91ca5f6f6684f2808c697d6168f8bc08b206c23c626b774
* Submits evidence #4 to support the No

* **May 30**

* ==Clement-2== (0x5e7b...9fd1)

* Submits evidence #2 to support the No

* ==Clement-5== (0x930c...0ec4)

* Stakes 1M PNK in technical court (#4)
https://etherscan.io/tx/0x22458cced920b2f896b18036f7aefd79c75058e81e78823c35c7594d8aec4cbb
* Stakes 4M PNK in Blockchain court (#1) - Parent of technical court
https://etherscan.io/tx/0x21ea4878071ad328ffed83aef1b99c0a1e46d9cb71a1ad172a796120045f130f

* **June 2**

* ==Clement-2== (0x5e7b...9fd1)

* Votes No on case 1170 with 8 seats
https://etherscan.io/tx/0x6e321ad5503f236f6d541e17a37a328a3a838aa8e6ce6ec2026267b126447062

* **June 4**

* ==Pone Pone== (0x177b...d34a)

* Submits evidence supporting the NO

* **June 5**

* ==Clement-3== (0x334f...5234)

* Votes No on case 1170 with 18 seats
https://etherscan.io/tx/0x54010d69ffd994bbecd9c164138ed0d913f4b22ffe4187e7d621f50fe8ffba7c

* ==Clement-5== (0x930c...0ec4)

* Votes No on case 1170 with 29 seats
https://etherscan.io/tx/0xd4d60ad2b53c7b0b41c8d77129a6357c0de4052f78eceab7ac2c6c80e048bbd6

* ==Pone Pone== (0x177b...d34a)

* Submits evidence supporting the NO

**Round 5 is ruled against Avraham's will with 28 Yes and 87 No (and 12 pending). It is worth to point out that 55 out of 87 NO come from** ==Clement-2== (0x5e7b...9fd1), ==Clement-3== (0x334f...5234) ==Clement-5== (0x930c...0ec4).

---

## Conclusion

* Several of these addresses claim PNK coming out of kleros curate located on the address 0xdbc3088Dfebc3cc6A84B0271DaDe2696DB00Af38 before making a stake.

* The massive staking on Technical and General courts right before the 1170 case moves forward on early May seem to come all from the sybil addresses under the control of Clement. **The fact that one of the addresses specifically staked and then later removed the stake seems to imply that indeed Clement attacked the courts specifically for this case.**

* The PNK that is staked on Technical Court (`courtId 4`) right after Round 3 by ==Clement-5== is then later entirely removed on June 27:


* Clement begins to act with his addresses on May 1. Before that during Round 0 of case 1170, the “No” won this case just like Clement wanted but on Round 1 the “yes” side wins on April 30th 4 to 1 (with 2 absent voters). That’s when he sees that results might not go his way and begins staking in the courts.

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## Final Thoughts

If web3 and smart contracts can enable a better justice, it is thanks to the transparency they provide to all citizenship in order to better analyze and understand the events surrounding any kind of economic and political act.

Our analysis aims to provide data on this dubious case and let the reader come to the conclusion of whether the founder of Kleros has sybil attacked the Technical court to favour his interests or not.

Technology by itself won't change human nature, it's only up to each and everyone of us to stand up against corruption.