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    # 產品開發的兩難 - 游舒帆(Gipi) {%hackmd @HWDC/BJOE4qInR %} >#### 》[議程介紹](https://hwdc.ithome.com.tw/2024/session-page/3317) >#### 》[填寫議程滿意度問卷|回饋建言給辛苦的講者](https://forms.gle/uTxyLQWdD4GtXCRp8) --- [TOC] --- ## 前言 軟體開發的過程中跟其他(產業)工作完全不同,前面錯的會延續後面的結果。軟體因為一直有使用者,更動它會影響使用者,稱之為技術債。是軟體開發的常態。 ## 軟體開發常遇到的問題 - 出 bug 時,應解決 root cause or workaround? - 功能做完整, 還是單點解? - 小功能愈來愈多時, 體驗愈來愈差 - 迭代可能讓體驗變差 - 資源要放在需求還是技術債 - 滿足多數客戶,還是深入特定客戶 - 滿足多數客戶可能讓產品變糟糕 - 平台至少有2個需求方, 平台方不好做. - 一般產品應該要侷限特定需求方 - 這些問題沒有標準答案:看情況 ## 要換個輪子還是繼續騎? 客戶停不下來而且不相信你是對的 如何說服團隊目前是方輪子,軟體開發很難佐證 [What is technical debt#1](https://melv1n.com/what-is-technical-debt/) [What is technical debt#2](https://blog.smitio.com/what-is-technical-debt) - 被懷疑效率與能力,可能沒惡意或是好奇 - 團隊專業分工,但是實際產出侷限在開發者身上 - 軟體開發人數5倍,不能代表產出5倍 - 明明是三鐵選手, 卻被要求跟單項選手比賽 - 請巿場部門做競品分析, 結果選了10個競品, 然後每一個項目都輸. 意思是, 不要想去滿足10個客戶對象, 如此一來, 產品就會很難規劃. - 應回過頭來想, 關鍵的客戶/鎖定的客戶, 所對應的競爭對手是哪些. ## 軟體開發工作項目 | ![S__78127107](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HyumeblaA.jpg) | |:--:| |*Figure A*| * 新研發項目 * 需求開發 * bugs/issues * 技術債償還 * 客製化 * 需求評比 > 習慣選擇容易的, 快的, 短期沒事, 後果都發生在長期. > 業績都揹1年, 沒有marketing會揹3年=>所以有可能是軟體開發部門去揹技術債. # 大多數的兩難,問題都在於**資源配置** ## 資源配置盤點 | ![S__78127108](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HkJkW-eaA.jpg) | |:--:| |*Figure B-1*| 大多的團隊在初期都處於 *Figure B-1* 最左邊偏重短期的狀況, 沒有人或資源去規劃長期的事情。 | ![S__78127109](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/B1Ma7ZxTA.jpg) | |:--:| |*Figure B-2*| - 要從 *Figure B-2* 最左邊偏重短期到最右邊均衡需要階段性 - 減少技術債 - 減少短期、投資長期 - 降低客製化 - 投入新研發項目 - 客製化太多,產品就會越發散,但在早期不接又不行(兩難) - 某個特定對象,做深就會變成是在某個特定領域裡面,特定客戶對象很有競爭力的 1 個好產品 技術債 -(換個說法)-> 甜蜜的負擔 (祖產) - 需要有人去控制 產品的走向 - 哪些客製化產品可以接 - 哪些產品已經不需要接,公司也可以活下來 ## 與老闆、業務端溝通需要明確的能說出修改前後的差距、並說服對方改變後比改變前好 | ![S__78127110](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HyexEWe6R.jpg) | |:--:| |*Figure C*| 1. 對目標的具體定義 2. 對現況的清楚描述 3. 有個想像的路徑與方向 4. 有短期的計畫 5. 聚焦 6. 能藉由回饋持續修正方向 - 長線思考 - 如果對長期是好,通常是值得做. - 做這個決定後, 1年後, 3年後會變成長樣? - 減法原則 - 聚焦巿場,目標少, 需求自然少. - 服務誰,客戶對象是誰 - e.g. 數位行銷部門 vs 產品部門, 想要掛promotion(B2B) vs 影響客戶體驗(B2C) 價值主張 為更精準的客戶服務 ## 溝通的4大原則 ### 1. 可以判讀的證據 - 量化 #### 溝通的原則 1. 掌握數據 1. 圍繞著效益 1. 說明趨勢正在惡化 ### 2. 長期效益與短期衝擊 #### 說明可能的衝擊 1. 回應時效變慢 1. 能接的案子減少 1. 客戶需求推遲 #### 重新衡量優先順序 | ![S__78135298](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SJt1rWgT0.jpg) | |:--:| |*Figure D*| - 客戶分級 - 議題分級 - 調降目標 > 搞清楚是革新還是革命 #### 痛點先解,逐步交付 | ![S__78135302](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Bk1sB-gaR.jpg) | |:--:| |*Figure E*| ### 3. 溝通、溝通、過度溝通 - 資訊透明化:對現況(進度、問題、錯誤)的認知一致 - 坦誠 & 建立信任感 - 同舟共濟:盡己所能,你的難關,我跟你一起承擔 - 客戶罵業務, 客戶通常(?)對技術人員比較客氣 => 因為客戶需要能碰到有解決問題的人. ### 4. 堅持,但保有彈性 重點是團隊認知一致並有共識, 不要妥協 | ![S__78135303_0](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Sy8rvWlpC.jpg) | |:--:| |*Figure F*| - 資源變動原則 - #1 任務資源不動 - 20% 資源異動為上限 - 3 個月重新檢視 #### 產品開發的兩難 | ![S__78135305_0](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SkK8DZg6C.jpg) | |:--:| |*Figure G*| 兩難,經常源自於資源配置的問題 定位:把核心客戶服務好 長線思考,短期死不了,未來更重要 量化,不只是管理,關鍵是溝通 團隊合作,有彈性,更要有底線與堅持 --- ## ==以下聊天區==

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