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    # ***Special Purpose Acquisition Company (SPAC)*** ## 目錄 - 傳統IPO方式 - 何謂SPAC - SPAC上市的優點與風險 - 案例分享 - Q&A --- # 傳統IPO方式 ### IPO(Initial Public Offering)-步向資本市場之路 ```flow st=>start: 1.選擇仲介機構 op=>operation: 2.向證券交易委員會申請 op2=>operation: 3.定價 op3=>operation: 4.證券承銷 op4=>operation: 5.掛牌上市 st->op->op2->op3->op4->cond ``` 1. 財務顧問、土地評估師、資產評估師、國際會計師事務所、境內外律師、物業評估師等 1. 企業在拿到國內監管機構准許上市有關意見書後,向美國證券交易委員會(SEC)登記。 1. 定價需要在仲介機構和分析師的幫助下完成。在資訊充分披露的嚴格監管要求及國際資本市場高度競爭的前提下,買賣雙方最終達成的價格是公平的價格。 1. 公司在上市前需要找到一家承銷商(underwriter),協助企業於發行市場募集所需資金,扮演資金供給者與需求者間的橋樑,大型金融機構或投資銀行如JP Morgan、Citigroup等。 5. 傳統IPO的閉鎖期限制(通常需要約180天)。 ### 為什麼選擇IPO上市 - 募集新資金 - 轉嫁風險 --- |公發Q1財報|稅報|IPO實審|公發Q2財報|內控預查|公發Q3財報|內控|年度財報| |------|------| -------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------| |4~5月|5月|6月|7~8月|9月|10~11月|11~12月|1~3月 --- # 何謂SPAC ## SPAC簡介 **特殊目的收購公司**(Special Purpose Acquisition Company,SPAC),也稱為**空白支票公司**(blank-check company),是一種只有現金**無營運業務**的空殼公司,先上市、後募資,再拿投資人的錢去併購有潛力的未上市公司。 > 為何又稱為「空白支票公司」? > SPAC成立初期,並沒有明確購併標的,需待 SPAC 經由 IPO 募集完資金上市後,才由 SPAC 的管理團隊尋找併購目標;因此投資人購買 SPAC 股份的當下,並不知道自己將會投資到哪間公司,投資人能仰賴的只有對管理團隊、創辦人的信心,因此又稱為空白支票公司。 ## SPAC組成 --- ==**1. 創始人 / 管理團隊(Founder / Management Team):尋找目標公司並完成併購**== * SPAC 通常由 3 人以上,具有私募股權、併購、營運經驗的「管理團隊」領導。 * 「創始人」提供 SPAC 初始的啟動資金,未來在 SPAC 進行 IPO 且完成收購後,將獲取大量股權收益。 * 如果 SPAC 管理團隊最終沒有在期限內完成併購,不會支付管理團隊薪水;也就是說,SPAC 管理團隊的報酬,完全來自於成功併購目標公司時的股權獲利。 --- ==**2. 贊助人(Sponsor):在 IPO 之前提供資金,獲取「創始人股份」**== SPAC 贊助人可以分為 2 大類: **(1). 創始人 / 管理團隊** **(2). 天使投資人 與 私募股權基金(Private Equity,PE)** 贊助人的出資金額約占SPAC IPO 募集總資本的10%,用於支付IPO所需的費用。 創始人股份在SPAC IPO之後,可兌換約總發行普通股股份20%,且通常還有額外的SPAC認股權證能夠擴大利潤。 --- ==**3. 大眾投資人:參與 IPO ,購買「單位」**== SPAC 上市發行的證券為 **“SPAC單位”** (Unit),通常一單位的售價為10美元,包含**一股 SPAC 普通股**(Ordinary Share)以及**一份認股權證**(Warrant)(約二分之一或三分之一股)。 上市完成後,SPAC單位、普通股和認股權證可以分別在市場上交易。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/R3pupT7.png) ## SPAC運作流程 **1. 創立SPAC且完成IPO募集資金 2. 尋找未上市獨角獸公司 3. 併購目標公司(上市)** 如果沒有找到值得併購的公司,或者未在期限內完成併購,SPAC 便會清算解散,把錢還給股東。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/NGPUvEf.png) --- # SPAC上市的優點與風險 ### 優點: * **對投資人** 散戶投資人可以藉由投資 SPAC,參與私募股權類型的交易。 * **對未上市公司** 透過 SPAC 上市讓被併購公司省去很多冗長繁瑣的程序,也沒有 IPO 之後的閉鎖期限制。 * **對贊助人 / 管理團隊** 透過 SPAC 上市可較快獲取所需的資金,並且成本較低。 ### 風險: * **對投資人** 通常會先知道要收購的產業,但不確定會收購哪家公司。 * **對未上市公司** 不利於發行人估值最大化,前期上市不如一般 IPO 上市造成市場搶購。 * **對贊助人 / 管理團隊** 收購的目標公司可能財報作假,或有隱藏性的借款。 --- # 案例分享-以維珍銀河為例 1. 2019年7月份,英國維珍集團創辦人理查.布蘭森(Richard Branson)成立的航太旅遊公司維珍銀河( Virgin Galactic )選擇和投資銀行 SCH (Social Capital Hedosophia)合併,由SCH收購維珍銀河49%的股份成為合資企業。 2. 這筆交易給了維珍銀河7億美元的資金,此外,SCH的創辦人Chamath Palihapitiya也自掏腰包再投資1億美元;10月初,維珍銀河又獲得波音投資2,000萬美元。 3. 種種資金來源使得維珍銀河估值達到15億美元,且得以不經過IPO流程直接上市。 4. 維珍銀河於2019年10月28日在紐約證交所掛牌上市,成為人類史上第一間航太旅遊上市企業。合併公司的股票以「SPCE」的代碼在紐約證交所交易,布蘭森持有公司51%的股權。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/30WbIq3.png) 維珍銀河上市日,布蘭森滿臉喜悅地站在紐約證交所 --- # 案例分享-以Nikola為例 > Nikola Motor Company,20年成立的美國電動貨車生產商,不同於Tesla使用鋰電池,Nikola以氫燃料為關鍵核心技術,其產生的能量為等重鋰電池的150倍。 1. 2020年3月,SPAC公司VectoIQ購併Nikola。 2. 這家宣稱有能力生產氫燃料電池卡車的公司,股價在一個月內暴漲六倍,市值一度達264億美元,超越大廠福特汽車(Ford)。 3. 2020年9月,Nikola爆發造假醜聞,被爆料電動引擎造假,連一輛原型車都尚未實際生產;隨後創辦人坦承造假,導致股價下跌逾7成,泡沫破裂。 --- # Q&A **SPAC熱潮目前逐漸吹進亞洲,新加坡、港交所都在研究引進的可行性;今日身為投資人的你,願意投資SPAC發行的公司嗎?** --- Reference: http://www.bauhinia.org/index.php/zh-HK/analyses/1062 https://www.jwcpas.com.tw/publicationsBook3-show2.php?book3p_id=59 https://www.rayskyinvest.com/3890/virgin-galactic-space-tourists https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/55253/virgin-galactic-space-travel-listing https://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20191028000223-260511?chdtv https://usstock.talk.tw/Article.aspx?Article_ID=48 https://losky.medium.com/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%82-spac-%E4%BB%8B%E7%B4%B9-%E4%BB%A5%E5%8F%8A%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%96%84%E7%94%A8-spac-%E6%A9%9F%E5%88%B6%E7%95%B6%E4%B8%80%E5%80%8B-3-6-%E5%80%8B%E6%9C%88%E8%B3%BA30-%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%8F%E9%9F%AD%E8%8F%9C-2-788947c183c2 https://www.stockfeel.com.tw/spac-%e7%89%b9%e6%ae%8a%e7%9b%ae%e7%9a%84%e6%94%b6%e8%b3%bc%e5%85%ac%e5%8f%b8-ipo-%e7%be%8e%e5%9c%8b-%e5%80%9f%e6%ae%bc-%e4%b8%8a%e5%b8%82/ https://findit.org.tw/researchPageV2.aspx?pageId=1551 https://www.allbrightlaw.com/SH/CN/10475/950d1a0c87e7dca5.aspx https://www.businessweekly.com.tw/magazine/Article_mag_page.aspx?id=7003347 https://www.businesstoday.com.tw/article/category/183009/post/202010280036/%E5%BE%9ENikola%E7%9C%8B%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%96%B0%E5%89%B5%E6%8A%95%E6%A9%9F%E6%BD%AE

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