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# 0703 孔醫師 clubhouse 討論 & QA :::warning 此筆記僅為個人聽打紀錄,最終內容及詳細資訊還是以醫師發佈的 podcast 節目資訊為主。 ::: ***"()" 斜體括號內是備註或不確定的內容*** --- 1. 幸琪:加拿大已經兩個星期都沒有公開變種數據,昨天報紙講到加拿大各省政府解封速度都很快,看亞洲韓國澳洲,delta都一直在爬,加拿大也有,但數據沒有公開。記者就問怎麼跟民眾解釋即使有打疫苗,變種病毒還是有第四波?如果真的有打過疫苗,重症機率就比較小,因為還有30%的人還沒打,可以猜的到會不會有第四波的發生。 1. 04b:delta R0 比較高,達到群體免疫門檻就較高,群體免疫是用R0值算的,還有一個變數是打什麼疫苗,delta目前估的R0值是7.6,算起來要打到將近九成覆蓋率。不只是實際打疫苗還要加上自然感染,自然感染有一定保護率,這兩個加起來要九成,幾乎所有國家目前都沒達到。英國目前打的不錯,美國每州都不一樣,只打完第一劑五成是全國平均,有些州高有些低,美國現在暑假大解放,會來一波delta兇猛疫情。不過雖然數字變高,但住院率和死亡率沒有上去。疫苗有防重症功效,不能防感染,至少不前為止的疫苗是可以防delta,只是病毒會不會繼續變,變到連疫苗都沒有用,就很難說。 2. 幸琪:要怎麼跟一班人解釋打完疫苗還是會得,但是得到重症機率不高? 3. 04b:重點就是重症,是比較不會重症,不要把病毒視為毒蛇猛獸,就不會癱瘓醫療,2009 H1N1 新型流感,墨西哥當地死亡率1-3%,很高,跟現在新冠一樣,要趕快開始做疫苗,美國首當其衝,逐例通報,當時美國說什麼就做什麼,當年 H1N1 傳遍世界,可是馬上就發現重看不重用,傳染力高,但幾乎沒人認識,出了墨西哥死亡率是千分之一,跟一班流感死亡率一樣,就是新的流感,沒有引起很大災情,幾個月後美國就宣布這個流行已經過去了。我一直在等這件事,就是看成一個流感,只要定點通報,不用逐例通報,不用隔離匡列,就是可以走出疫情的時候。 4. 幸琪:加拿大衛生長官已經不開記者會了,從去年暑假開始一星期開兩次,上星期就是最後一次,現在每天三四十例。12歲以上78%接種,現在是全世界打第一劑最多的國家,兩劑都打超過35%。 5. 04b:前幾個月加拿大還在抱怨疫苗打不到,但事情可以變得很快,大家要有信心,先進國家都打差不多了。 4. 04b:南美有沒有看到delta會壓制其他病毒,會慢慢消失?在細菌學上常常看到這種現象,例如細菌抗藥性很重,但抗藥性跟毒性是兩回事,細菌很小沒幾個基因,基因要拿來產生抗藥性,就不會非常毒,很容易致死的就是沒什麼抗藥性的野生種一樣。病毒更小,更沒有幾個基因,假如變種到對於疫苗沒效或是某個機制容易重症,其實都是門檻,現在的beta、gamma都被delta、alpha打敗,因為傳染力有優勢,幸好是這樣,假如主流是疫苗沒效的,就很頭痛。 5. 一歷百憂解:柯市長有點雞肋,幾乎沒有消化給答案,可能也符合他過去的人設,但在疫情當口,大家都慢下來比較好,慢新聞的價值在於用慢一點的速度看這個變化的世界。除了台灣疫情外,現在大家在看歐洲盃,無論是歐洲盃還是MLB比賽,大家都不戴口罩,韓國今天還有勞工團體上街遊行。台灣下一步如果降回二級,在聚集活動還是要有所限制,還是要自由一點? 1. 04b:早安新聞有一次有提到英國試驗,叫做ERP,英國公衛部官方做的實驗,4/17開始規劃各種市內室外活動人數的規劃,打完兩劑、不戴口罩進場群聚,前後都要做快篩,這是用臨床實驗方法驗證可不可以開放,六月發表初步結果,目前大型的活動沒有major outbreak,總共累積五萬八千人,九個活動,只有28例確診,覺得可以繼續做下去。但這是四到六月,delta沒有這麼嚴重,這是alpha之下,R0值沒這麼高,疫苗覆蓋率是夠的。英國舉行三場足球賽,兩萬多人只發生八例,實驗覺得這是可行的,只要大家都有打過疫苗,群聚不戴口罩是可以的,法國也有類似的事。台灣現在不是,疫苗覆蓋率不高,要參考的是過去一年他們沒有疫苗的時候怎麼做的,經濟跟防疫並存,這很困難沒有標準答案,如果防疫至上零容忍,現在都說只等台北市,但一定要等到清零才往下走嗎?真的要到清零,可能要到九月前繼續三級,真的三級下去一定清得了嗎,很多人已經自我解封,生意已經撐不下去。真的要清零,理想可以這樣,現實上很難回去。嘉玲已經嫁人了,很難回來了,想法要改變。 6. Shuman:mRNA疫苗保存:莫德納要在2-8度解凍保存,日本關西大學說發現機器壞掉高了0.5-1.4度,這樣疫苗就不行了嗎?疫苗都報廢了。 1. 04b:理論上是,目前三種平台疫苗最脆弱就是mRNA,核糖核酸本來就很脆弱,所以保存條件很麻煩。可能是比例問題,沒有隔太久可能不會怎樣,可是無法檢查出來疫苗是否有效,要回原廠才知道有沒有變質,所以只能當他真的是沒有用報廢掉。 2. Shuman:BNT保存條件更嚴格,台灣很多疫苗施打站,不是在疫苗院所,可能是醫護人員帶冰桶帶過去,保存上是否有疑慮? 3. 04b:不用想太多,他們會解決,理論上他們一定要非常注意這些溫度條件。兩種mRNA美國已經打一億計以上,要發生在美國早就發生了,擔心發生問題,美國也有安全性報告,要不就是失效變質,要不就是成分變了會有奇怪副作用,真的發生美國就知道了。 ###### tags: `孔醫師`

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