LLM實作共學讀書會-第六組
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# 2/20 Finetuning Large Language Models [TOC] --- ## 課程簡介 - 微調(Fine-tuning)是將現成的大型語言模型(pre-trained large language model (LLM))如ChatGPT客製化到自己的資料和任務上的一種技術,比只利用提示(prompting)更進一步。 - 雖然提示(prompting)可指引語言模型,但微調可以讓模型更貼合資料定義的專門任務,包括調整語調和風格。 - 微調使您能藉由自己的資料專門化既有的語言模型,無需大量資料和運算資源從零訓練語言模型。 - 本課程將涵蓋微調的定義、適用情境、與提示及檢索的差異、ChatGPT所用的指令微調、以及用Python親手微調語言模型的實作。 - 必備知識為Python和基礎深度學習概念。目標是易學的語言模型微調入門。 **課程連結**: https://learn.deeplearning.ai/finetuning-large-language-models/ * Introduction * Why finetune * Where finetuning fits in * Instruction finetuning * Data preparation * Training process * Evaluation and iteration * Consideration on getting started now * Conclusion ## Introduction :::info 這堂課介紹如何微調你自己的模型於特定的應用場景,並說明finetune 及 prompt 之間的好壞差異。 ::: 好的prompt 可以引導模型回應正確,但是在特定領域是pre-trained model 沒有的資料,很可能產生幻覺(Hallucination),或是給予不預期的回應,例如你想要模型回應的更有禮貌、更樂於助人或是更簡潔的回答等。 fine-tuning 可以很好微調語氣(tone)方法,就像chatGPT那樣看廣泛回應不同使用者的問題,但在普遍企業仍希望有自己專屬的模型以及資料進行開發,以應用在特定場景。再者,訓練基石模型(base model)需要大量的數據以及GPU運算資源,我們可以採用現有的LLM並根據自己的數據近一步訓練。 在本課程中,您將學習微調的概念、它如何為您的應用帶來益處、微調的實施方法,以及它與實時工程和增強生成的區別。您將探索如何結合這些技術進行微調,深入了解將GPT-3轉化為遵循指令的聊天GPT的特定微調方法。課程將指導您完成自己大型語言模型的微調過程,包括數據準備、模型訓練及評估,並通過程式碼實踐。本課程適合熟悉Python的學習者,並將通過理解程式碼來深化對深度學習基礎知識的理解,例如神經網絡訓練過程及訓練/測試拆分等概念。 ## Why finetune * Fine-tuning 可以將一般用途的模型如 GPT-3 特化為特定用例,如將 GPT-4 轉換為程式碼完成的 GitHub Copilot。這有點像將全科醫生變成專科醫生 * Fine-tuning 允許模型從遠超過提示所能容納的大量資料中學習。這有助於更正不正確的資訊和「幻覺」(hallucinations) * Prompt engineering 適用於快速原型製作,而 fine-tuning 更適合生產系統。 * 自定義 LLM fine-tuning 的好處包括更好的效能、隱私、成本控制和調節回應的能力 * 課程展示了一個非 fine-tuned LLAMA 模型對提示的糟糕回應,與 fine-tuned LLAMAChat 模型給出的更好回應形成對比 * 課程詳細地講解如何進行 fine-tuning ### What dose finetuning do for the model? * Fine-tuning 使您可以將遠超過提示所能容納的更多資料輸入模型中 * Fine-tuning 使模型可以從資料學習,而不僅僅是透過提示獲得資料的存取權 **案例一**:醫療診斷 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/S1xnurg2T.png) Prompt: 皮膚過敏、發紅、癢感 左圖:Base Model ->得到簡單的回答 右圖:Finetuned Model -> 依據皮膚科的數據微調 -> 獲得更多細節的診斷 **案例二**:聊天對話 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Ske49rg3T.png) prompt: 你的名字是什麼? 左圖:Base Model -> 反問但沒有回答 右圖:Finetuned Model -> 依據用戶資料微調 -> 正確回答姓名 * 引導模型輸出更一致的結果Steers the model to more consistent outputs * 減少幻覺 Reduces hallucinations * 根據特定案例客製化模型 Customizes the model to a specific use case * 過程類似於模型早期的訓練Process is similar to the model's earlier training **Prompt Egineering vs Finetuning** **<center>Prompt Engineering</center>** 優點: * 可以快速上手,不需要資料就可以開始使用 * 前期成本較低 * 不需要技術知識 * 可以透過檢索增強生成(RAG)接入部分資料 缺點: * 只能使用很少量的資料,大量資料無法放入提示中 * 容易「遺忘」提示中的資料 * 容易產生「幻覺」(hallucination),亂捏造資訊 * 檢索增強生成(RAG)可能會取回錯誤的資料 適用情境: * 泛用案例 * 快速原型或概念驗證 **<center>Finetuning</center>** 優點: * 可以使用近乎無限量的資料進行訓練 * 模型可以從資料中學習新的知識 * 可以糾正模型原先學到的錯誤資訊 * 使用小型模型後可以降低成本 * 也可以配合RAG使用 缺點: * 需要大量高品質的訓練資料 * 需要額外的計算資源,前期成本較高 * 需要一定的技術能力,尤其是處理資料的技能 適用情境: * 領域專家級的應用 * 生產環境中的應用 * 需要自訂模型的企業應用 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rkyJhSgnT.png) Fine-tuning 自己的大型語言模型(LLM)的好處如下: 效能 * 避免語言模型亂編造資訊(stop hallucinations) * 增加模型穩定一致的輸出(increase consistency) * 減少不需要的資訊(reduce unwanted info) 隱私 * 在自有機房或雲端虛擬私有雲(on-prem or VPC)部屬,避免資料外洩 * 防止資料洩漏與遭到入侵(prevent leakage and breaches) 成本 * 降低每一次請求的成本(lower cost per request) * 提高成本的透明度與控制力(increased transparency and contro!) 可靠度 * 控制服務的上線時間(control uptime) * 降低延遲(lower latency) * 進行調節與審核(moderation) ### ## 實際應用和案例研究 ## 摘要與思維導圖 ## 問題討論與反思

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