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    # User Story Mapping Notes ## 介紹 ### 什麼是使用者故事 使用者故事描述了對使用者、系統或軟體購買者有價值的功能。用以使用者在使用產品時,組織起會遇到的大小故事之間的脈絡關係。由三個面相組成 1. 卡片:一份書面的故事描述,用來做計劃 2. 對話:有關故事的對話,用於具體化故事細節 3. 確認:測試,用於表達和和編檔故事細節且可用於確定故事何時完成 ![](https://i.imgur.com/pI52VMZ.png) ### 細節在哪裏 > 身為使用者,我可以出料 其中的細節,如 - 誰可以出料? - 出料的需要顯示的資訊有哪些? - 出料的檢查條件有哪些? 很明顯故事太大太模糊,裡面蘊含的細節太多。 多個小故事遠勝於一個大故事,大故事稱為 Epic,可再切割為小故事。 攤開整理大小故事的對應關係,以便釐清整個故事的脈絡。 > 身為作業員,我可以搜尋場內的 Joblist 清單,以便進行出料作業 > 身為作業員,我可以開始進行一筆 Joblist 出料作業。 > 身為作業員,我可以瀏覽一筆 Joblist 的 Output data 清單。 > 身為作業員,我可以掃料完成一筆 Output data 出料。 > 身為作業員,我可以放下做一半的出料作業。 故事不需要被切太細,足夠覆蓋每個細節的寫法就好,太細的細節請把重點放在討論。 故事不具有契約性質,是開發者與客戶討論用的。達成的協議可藉由測試的形式來記錄。 ### 必須多長時間「完成」 蒐集有多少時間、資源、人力的資訊,並共識都認可的「完成」定義。更多的細節可先寫在卡片背面或另外補充描述。 > Joblist 查詢條件,試試 Line, Joblist type > Joblist 查詢結果,限尚未被領取的 Joblist > Joblist 顯示資訊 line, mcno, face, mo, jobListType, outPutUser 測試描述的目的是傳遞故事的附加資訊,以便開發人員了解客戶的期望,並能知道什麼時候算是完成客戶需要的功能。 - 在寫程式前先寫測試 - 測試是過程的一部份 - 多少測試才足夠 更多內容請見 [驗收測試案例](https://hackmd.io/gmxt5pA7QfO42yRFEnDsTA) ### 客戶團隊 客戶團隊職責包含確保系統滿足使用者的需求、排列故事優先級。包含使用者、產品經理、銷售員、客服員、測試員、互動設計師。 ### 使用故事的過程是怎麼樣的 從傳統的瀑布流開發流程,使用者和客戶只在開始和最後驗收產品才出現,從蒐集需求後到驗收之間幾乎都不參與。現今已知這種方法非常難行通。 以故事驅動的專案而言,客戶與使用者全程參與。在每次疊代開始前,可以修正故事開發計畫,並在疊代結束後,依照開發速率調整故事增量的多寡。 由客戶團隊主責撰寫故事的好處 1. 用商業術語來寫,以利安排工作優先級 2. 以產品的構想者角度,最適合描述產品的行為 ### 規劃發布與疊代 在多個循環疊代中,力求專案疊代時程表與預期功能數量之間到達平衡。 客戶排優先順序,最大化客戶組織利益最大化: 1. 大部分使用者和客戶對特定功能的渴望程度 2. 小部分重要的使用者和客戶對特定功能的渴望程度 3. 故事之間的關聯程度 4. 開發技術風險的考量、成本點數估算 在故事的優先級上,開發團隊可能與客戶團隊意見不同。可能基於技術的風險程度的考量,或者是某個故事與其他故事互補,而建議改變故事的優先級。 客戶團隊應該傾聽開發團隊的觀點,隨後調整排序時,應該堅持客戶組織利益最大化的原則。 排列故事時也須考慮實現的成本。 註. 詳細的疊代與故事點數估算,請查閱 Scrum ### 動手做做看 3-5 人一組討論 10 分鐘,把便利貼貼在牆壁上。 結束後,組間輪流分享。 > 題目 > 小新是個 5 歲的小朋友,你身為他的父母,要如何督促小新,完成每天上下學應該做的事情。 > 1. 小新從早上起床,到踏入幼兒園的過程故事。 > 2. 小新從下午幼兒園放學,到上床睡覺的過程故事。 ### 為什麼要改變 - 使用者故事的優勢 - 強調口頭溝通 - 容易理解 - 大小適合做計劃 - 鼓勵延遲細節 - 支持隨機應變的開發 - 鼓勵參與性設計 - 傳遞隱性知識 ### 使用者故事不足之處 大型團隊與專案難以追蹤成千上萬的使用者故事,往往需要額外的文件實現可追蹤性。隱性知識傳遞難以單靠這種交流來有效的擴展與維護。 ## 撰寫使用者故事 > 完整格式: As a [type of user], I want [some goal or objective] so that [benefit/value] - 獨立的 - 可討論的 - 對使用者或客戶有價值的 - 可估計的 - 小的 - 分割故事 - 合併故事 - 可測試的 - 開發團隊職責 - 客戶團隊職責 - 問題舉例練習:判斷故事好壞並說明理由 ## 使用者角色建模 - 整理最初版的角色清單 - 整合與提煉角色 ## 蒐集故事的方法 - 使用者訪談 - 問卷調查 - 觀察 - 工作坊 ## 優秀的使用者故事準則 - 從目標故事開始 - 切蛋糕 - 撰寫封閉的故事 - 卡片約束 - 根據實際時間來確定故事規模 - 不要過早進入使用者介面 - 有些需求不是故事 - 故事裡包括使用者角色 - 只為一個使用者撰寫 - 以主動語句撰寫 - 由客戶團隊撰寫 - 向故事卡片編號說不 - 不要忘記使用故事的意圖 - 問題舉例練習 ## 使用者故事壞味道 - 故事太小 - 故事相互依賴 - 鍍金 - 細節太多 - 過早考慮使用者介面 - 想得太遠 - 故事切割太頻繁 - 客戶團隊很難為故事安排優先級 - 客戶團隊不願意寫使用者故事,也不願安排故事優先級 - 問題舉例練習 ![使用者故事](https://i.imgur.com/0B2qSre.png) ## 工具 - 便利貼,適合面對面 - 線上協作白板,適合遠距離 - [Miro](https://miro.com/), [Leangoo](https://www.leangoo.com/) ___ ## 延伸閱讀 [【文思不藏私】使用者故事對照 Part 1](https://medium.com/%E6%96%87%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%8D%E8%97%8F%E7%A7%81/%E6%96%87%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%8D%E8%97%8F%E7%A7%81-%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%80%85%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B%E5%B0%8D%E7%85%A7-part-1-89f8b9abc543) [【文思不藏私】使用者故事對照 Part 2](https://medium.com/%E6%96%87%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%8D%E8%97%8F%E7%A7%81/%E6%96%87%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%8D%E8%97%8F%E7%A7%81-%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%80%85%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B%E5%B0%8D%E7%85%A7-part-2-918f767e65ac)

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