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    人工智慧下的資安新視野 === ###### tags: `2018`, `R1` ##### 位置: R1 ##### 講者:邱銘彰 {%slideshare 貼這裡xxxx/yyyy %} --- [toc] --- >我發下宏願,願意贊助全台灣conf冰淇淋 >先Google我的名字,再問我是誰 >[name=邱銘彰] ## 人工智慧來了 - 機器視覺在2012年開始有突破(AlexNet) - 在影音辨識領域有大進展 - 其它領域遇到的困難是資料集 ### ILSVRC:image Net ![](https://i.imgur.com/XmH7izk.png) >[source link](https://chtseng.wordpress.com/2017/11/20/ilsvrc-%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%86%E7%9A%84%E6%B7%B1%E5%BA%A6%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B/) (圖片左右相反嘿~但內容一樣) > #### 影像識別率 - 在貓狗方面的識別失敗率,人類大概是5%,專家3% - 在影像識別方面取得巨大成功,不代表其他領域也同樣能夠成功 ### AlphaGo - 2017/01/04 公測結束為止 60戰全勝 - 預測人類下棋準確度達57% - 所有下棋方法均模仿人類過往棋譜 - 與李世石戰績 4:1 #### AlphaGo Zero ![AlphaGo Zero](https://img.technews.tw/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/19103356/59e7b478924ca.gif) - 3天超過贏過李世石的版本 - 21天超過60戰全勝的版本 - 40天勝過人類3000年 - [強化學習讓AlphaGo Zero在圍棋比賽中==拋除雜念==,變得更加純淨](https://qooah.com/2017/10/20/alphago-zero/)。 - 真正高價值的棋譜資料難以收集,容易收集到的都是笨蛋下棋的棋譜 - 讓兩個SL policy network機器人對下棋,把採樣資料從16萬盤棋擴增並留下好的三千萬盤棋 - 已看過的下法使用policy network預測 - 沒看過的下法使用Value network預測 > 最讓人驚訝的是,最終訓練出來的data intelligence超越了輸入的model intelligence ### MCTS (Monte Carlo Tree Search) - 被加入下棋BOT之前,機器人只有業餘初階棋士的程度 ![](https://i.imgur.com/5HHhC65.png) ### UCB (Upper Confidence Bound) - 探索新標的物與方法的機制 - 為了避免永選取同樣的單一解,加入了Bonus機制 - 加入UCB以後,BOT有機率走非最佳解的那一條路 ![](https://i.imgur.com/17bA9uQ.png) - ex. 小時候要探索博覽、長大以後再選定專精領域 > 跟笨蛋下棋是不會變聰明的 [name=邱銘彰] ![](https://i.imgur.com/77qrqH1.png) ### 讓電腦從經驗中學習 Reinforement Learning - 環境狀況條件改變時不用重寫程式 - 奔跑程式遇上草地時不用重寫model {%youtube vjSohj-Iclc %} #### Adversarial Examples - ![](https://i.imgur.com/Yoe290g.png) > [source link](https://medium.com/init27-labs/tackling-adversarial-examples-introspective-cnn-b28c67176575) - ![](https://i.imgur.com/vSll2w2.png) > [source link](https://twitter.com/anishathalye/status/959130818730917889) ### Machine learning特徵 - 身處劣勢時無法逆轉局勢 > 知道紅燈停綠燈行,但看到三寶阿罵不知道該不該撞 [name=邱銘彰] - 沒有辦法表達 uncertainty : 加個貼紙香蕉就辨識成吐司、加個貼紙貓就辨識成鱷梨醬了 > 以後在車牌上貼個貼紙,辨識系統就會瘋掉不知道你是誰,這是個隱形的防護罩 [name=邱銘彰] - Machine learning 很怕攻擊性樣本 人類對雜訊可以判斷並避開,但機器很受雜訊干擾判斷 - 人類在採樣資料時存在偏見,導致機器對事實認真有偏差 ### 結論 : 其實沒這麼美好,現實是殘酷的 - 輸入空間的維度非常高,而動作空間的維度非常低,因此標籤的數量與輸入信息量相比非常小,很容易學到虛假關係 - 使用股票代號去計算盈虧,收益居然比原本人工精打細算還高 - 沒有free Lunch,你永遠需要了解Domain,需要輸入prior knowledge - NN的表達不確定性的能力極差 - NN是難以解釋的黑箱、缺乏透明度,難以令人信任,使的深度學習難以佈署到一些重要的任務上 - Reinforement Learning雖然可以從經驗中學習,聽起來很屌,但是真實世界的reward是sparse的,且reward的訊息量很少 - 但是比上面更重要的是: ==死阿宅 你沒錢== 收集樣本的代價是高昂的 > Q:「AI會取代我嗎?」 > A:會,AI 會取代問這個問題的人 > [name=邱銘彰] > Machine 都在 Learning 了,你還不 Learning 嗎? > [name=邱銘彰]

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