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    --- type: slide --- ## 計算機概論Lab-7 ### HTML5 CSS ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BkPy5s2X6.png) <p>https://hackmd.io/@IMOK/Lab7</p> --- <img src="https://hackmd.io/_uploads/ryUSIqnJT.jpg" width=400 style="border-radius:1000px;"/> 講師: 賴昱有 --- ## 網頁的構成 <font size =4>網頁可以由以下三種語言去撰寫完成的,分別為 Html, CSS, Javascript</font> + <font size=4>Html : 負責描述網頁的內容</font> + <font size=4>CSS : 負責定義內容顯示的外型、顏色等樣式</font> + <font size=4>Javascript : 負責處理與使用者戶互動的邏輯</font> ---- ## 網頁開發的優點 + <font size =4>網頁開發較為容易,速度快速,可以很快地做出成品</font> + <font size =4>由於使用 Html, CSS 來定義APP, 桌面應用 UI (User Interface)對於開發上來說十分的便利</font> + <font size =4>學習網頁的開發,對於未來進行其他的平台的 UI 撰寫也有很大的幫助。</font> ---- ## Fifteen Puzzle Game <font size =4>是由一塊有凹槽的板和數個寫有數字的大小相同的方塊所組成。 遊戲者要移動板上的方塊,讓所有的方塊順著數字的次序排列。</font> <img src="https://hackmd.io/_uploads/ByNCai2m6.png" width=350 /> <font size =4>連接 : https://lorecioni.github.io/fifteen-puzzle-game/</font> --- ## 環境設定 <font size =5>Visual Studio Code</font> <font size =4>並在 Visual Studio Code 中安裝以下項目:</font> + <font size =4>IntelliSense for CSS class names in HTML</font> + <font size =4>Live Server (F1 + "Show Live Server Preview")</font> + <font size =4>HTML Preview (ctrl+shift+v)</font> + <font size =4>HTML CSS Support</font> + <font size =4>JavaScript (ES6) code snippets</font> ---- ## 安裝Visual Studio Code <img src="https://hackmd.io/_uploads/r1KnzhnmT.png" width=800 /> <font size =4>載點 : https://code.visualstudio.com/</font> ---- ## 安裝 Extensions <font size =5 style="float : left;margin : 0px 0px 0px 350px">1. 點選左方的 Extension 頁面</font> <font size =5 style="float : left;margin : 0px 0px 0px 350px">2. 輸入 Extension 的名子</font> <font size =5 style="float : left;margin : 0px 0px 0px 350px">3. 點選 Install</font> ---- ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Bk-Ct32Xp.png) ---- ![tempsnip](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HyW4oh2XT.png) --- ## HTML https://www.w3schools.com/ ---- ## HTML 特徵 <font size =4>1. HTML 描述了整個網頁的架構與內容</font> <font size =4>2. HTML 由很多不同的 element 所組成</font> <font size =4>3. 瀏覽器會根據不同的 element 來使用不同的方式呈現 element 中的內容</font> ---- ## Simple Example (Hello World) ```html= <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>hello html</title> <meta charset="utf-8"> </head> <body> <h1>Hello .....</h1> <h2>Hello ...</h2> <h3>Hello World</h3> <p>Author by IMOK.</p> </body> </html> ``` ---- ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HyQam627T.png) --- ## DTD(Document Type Definition) ```html= <!DOCTYPE html> ``` <font size =4>告訴瀏覽器說,使用 html 5 的語法來進行render 如果同學有興趣,可以看看其他格式的 DTD 宣告方式。</font> <font size = 5>[W3schools-DTD](https://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_doctype.ASP)</font> ---- ## Elements and Tags <font size =4>剛剛提到 HTML 由很多不同的 element 所組成。 而每個element 由 start tag 與 end tag 組成</font> <img src="https://hackmd.io/_uploads/r1C3oYpQp.png" width=450 /> ---- <font size =4>奇怪,有一個沒有 end Tag 的 element。</font> ```html <meta charset="utf-8"> ``` <font size =4>它是”Empty Element”,指沒有內容的 element,因此他沒有 end tag 。</font> <font size =4>其他常見 Empty Element 。如:</font> ```html <br> <!--表 示 換 行--> <img> <!--圖 片--> <hr> <!--水 平 線--> <input type="text"> <!--表 示 文 字 輸 入 框--> ``` ---- ## Attribute <font size =4> attribute 對於 element 來說就像是一些可以改變的選項, 像是 img element 有 height / width attribute 可以更改寬高等。</font> ```html <meta charset="utf-8"> <img height="20" width="50"> ``` <font size =4>※attribute 只能定義在 start tag 裡面</font> ---- ## HTML Basic Structure ```html <html> <!--所有的 element 都會被放在裡面--> <head> <!--放置各種設定(網頁名稱、編碼)--> <title>hello html</title> <!--網頁名稱--> <meta charset="utf-8"> <!--編碼--> </head> <body> <!--存放要顯示在網頁中的內容--> ... </body> </html> ``` ---- ## Heading ```html <h1>Hello .....</h1> <h2>Hello ...</h2> <h3>Hello World</h3> ``` <font size =4>通常是用來放置要作為標題的文字,這類的標籤有 6 個,由文字的大到小分別為 h1, h2, ..., h6</font> ---- ## Paragraph ```html <p>Author by IMOK.</p> ``` <font size =4>Paragraph Element 會將其中的內容視為一個段落。</font> <font size =4>不過 Paragraph Element 有些特性需要注意:</font> <font size =4>1. 前後自動換行</font> <font size =4>2. 不能nesting (paragraph裡面不能有另一個paragraph)</font> --- ## HTML 的語法檢查 <font size =4>由於現在多數的瀏覽器十分的聰明, 當我們撰寫錯誤的 html 語法的時候也會去猜測我們的語意,並嘗試的修復錯誤。 因此多數的時候,我們就算寫錯語法,也可以正常的顯示出來。 不過對於學習 HTML 時會造成學習者的一些困擾,我們會無法得知自己所撰寫的 HTML 是否是正確的。 這個時候,我們可以利用 World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) 所提供的 Markup Validation Service(https://validator.w3.org/) 來驗證我們所撰寫的 HTML 有那些部分是可以改正的。</font> ---- ## 使用 Markup Validation Service <img src="https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rJUk49a76.png" width=900 /> ---- ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BJAGHqT7a.png) ---- ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BkA5I9TQa.png) --- ## HTML Link ```html <a href="http://google.com/">Go To Google</a> ``` <font size =4>建立超連結的基本寫法 • a : anchor tag • href attribute 來設定連結的網頁 • element content 則是表示連結顯示的文字</font> ---- ## Target Attribute <font size =4>網頁中開啟另外一個網頁的方式其實有很多種, 如” 在新分頁開啟連結”、” 在目前頁面開啟連結”、” 在新視窗開啟連結” 等。 在 HTML 中,我們可以透過 target attribute 來設定連結開啟的效果。</font> ``` • _blank 開啟新的頁面或是視窗 • _self 在目前頁面開啟 (他是預設值) • _parent 在 parent frame 開啟連結 • _top 在最上層開啟連結 • _frameName 在特定的 frame 開啟連結 ``` <font size =4>最後三個牽涉到 frame 的使用,因此這邊的示範會只先介紹前兩種。 若有興趣的同學可以參考這個部分:https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_iframe.asp</font> ---- ```html <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title></title> <meta charset="utf-8"> </head> <body> <h1>Target Attribute Example</h1> <p><a href="http://google.com/" target="_blank">Using _blank</a></p> <p><a href="http://google.com/" target="_self">Using _self</a></p> </body> </html> ``` ---- ## Internal Linking(內部連結) ```html <h1 id="123">Bookmark Title!!!!!</h1> ``` <font size =5>創建一個element 加上 id</font> ```html <a href="#123">Go to Bookmark</a> ``` ---- ```html <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>internal link</title> <meta charset="utf-8"> </head> <body> <h1 id="123">Bookmark Title!!!!!</h1> <h1>HELLO!!!!!</h1> <h1>HELLO!!!!!</h1> <h1>HELLO!!!!!</h1> <h1>HELLO!!!!!</h1> <h1>HELLO!!!!!</h1> <h1>HELLO!!!!!</h1> <h1>HELLO!!!!!</h1> <h1>HELLO!!!!!</h1> <h1>HELLO!!!!!</h1> <h1>HELLO!!!!!</h1> <h1>HELLO!!!!!</h1> <h1>HELLO!!!!!</h1> <h1>HELLO!!!!!</h1> <h1>HELLO!!!!!</h1> <h1>HELLO!!!!!</h1> <h1>HELLO!!!!!</h1> <a href="#123">Go to Bookmark</a> </body> </html> ``` --- ## HTML Image ```html <img src="img/test.jpg" height="500" width="200"> ``` <font size =4>• src : 設定圖片的來源</font> <font size =4>• height: 設定圖片的高度,單位為 pixels</font> <font size =4>• width: 設定圖片的寬度,單位為 pixels</font> <font size = 5>[W3schools-Width property](https://www.w3schools.com/cssref/pr_dim_width.php)</font> ---- ## Alt Attribute <font size =4>當網頁中的圖片無法顯示的時候,會顯示出來的文字。 這個屬性主要是用於當瀏覽器,無法顯示圖片時, 為了讓人能正常閱讀網頁內容,會將圖片使用文字替代。</font> ---- ```html <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>image</title> <meta charset="utf-8"> </head> <body> <img src="img/test.jpg" height="600" width="900" alt="alternative text!!!" > </body> </html> ``` --- ## HTML Table Elements ```html <table> <!--建立表格--> <tr> <!--table row--> <th>Name</th> <!--table heading ,用來表示一列中的一個 cell,字會加粗加大--> <th>Email</th> <th>Phone</th> </tr> <tr> <td>QQQ</td> <!--table data 的縮寫,用來表示一列中的一個 cell--> <td>QQQ@gmail.com</td> <td>+886 912-345-678</td> </tr> <tr> <td>XXX</td> <td>XXX@yahoo.com</td> <td>+886 912-345-678</td> </tr> <tr> <td>OOO</td> <td>OOO@hotmail.com</td> <td>+886 912-345-678</td> </tr> </table> ``` ---- <img src="https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rkFfJspXp.png" width=500 /> ---- ## 合併儲存格 <font size =4>如果大家有用過 Word, Excel 的表格應該會對這個功能不陌生。 HTML table中也有相似的功能,不過他將橫向合併與縱向合併分別拆開變成 rowspan 與 colspan。 ※rowspan 與 colspan 都是 td/th 的 attribute</font> ---- ## Rowspan ```html <table> <tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Email</th> <th>Phone</th> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">QQQ</td> <td>QQQ@gmail.com</td> <td>+886 912-345-678</td> </tr> <tr> <td>XXX@yahoo.com</td> <td>+886 912-345-678</td> </tr> <tr> <td>OOO@hotmail.com</td> <td>+886 912-345-678</td> </tr> </table> ``` <img src="https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BJQf-jaQa.png" width=500 /> ---- ## Colspan ```html <table> <tr> <th>Name</th> <th colspan="2">content</th> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">QQQ</td> <td>QQQ@gmail.com</td> <td>+886 912-345-678</td> </tr> <tr> <td>XXX@yahoo.com</td> <td>+886 912-345-678</td> </tr> <tr> <td>OOO@hotmail.com</td> <td>+886 912-345-678</td> </tr> </table> ``` --- ## HTML Lists <font size =4>Order List v.s. Unorder List 在 HTML 中,列表有兩種,分別為 Ordered List 與 Unordered List。 這兩種的差別在於Unordered List 在每個項目的開頭會放置一個圖案, 而 Ordered List 則是放置有順序性的數字、字母。</font> ---- ## Unordered List ```html <ul> <li>Hello</li> <li>Unordered</li> <li>List</li> <li>IMOK</li> </ul> ``` <img src="https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HyiruoT7a.png" width=175 /> ---- ## Unordered List 符號更換 <font size =4>有四種可以選擇</font> ```html <ul style="list-style-type:disc;"> <ul style="list-style-type:circle;"> <ul style="list-style-type:square;"> <ul style="list-style-type:none;"> ``` ---- ## Order List ```html <ol> <li>Hello</li> <li>Unordered</li> <li>List</li> <li>IMOK</li> </ol> ``` <img src="https://hackmd.io/_uploads/B1RUqsp76.png" width=175 /> ---- ## Ordered List 符號更換 <font size =4>有五種可以選擇</font> ```html <ol type="1"> <ol type="A"> <ol type="a"> <ol type="I"> <ol type="i"> ``` --- ## Input Element <font size =4>Input Element 是表單元件中最常見,也是用途最廣泛的元件。 input element 擁有 type attribute 可以進行設定,當設定為不同的內容時,會變化成不同的輸入元件。</font> ---- ## Input Type <font size = 5>[W3schools-Input type](https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_form_input_types.asp)</font> <img src= "https://hackmd.io/_uploads/S1Gwhjp7p.png" width=150 style="float : left ;margin : 10px 0px 0px 250px"/> <img src= "https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Sk__hi6QT.png" width=125 style="float : left ;margin : 10px 0px 0px 150px"/> ---- ## Button ```html <form> <input type="button" value="click"> </form> ``` ---- ## Checkbox ```html <form> <input type="checkbox"> Option </form> ``` ---- ## File ```html <form> <input type="file"> </form> ``` ---- ## Radio ```html <form> <input name="radioGroup" type="radio"> Option1 <input name="radioGroup" type="radio"> Option2 <input name="radioGroup" type="radio"> Option3 </form> ``` <font size =4>※ type 為 radio 時的用法較為特殊,使用相同 name attribute 的 radio element同時只能選擇一個。</font> --- ## create a search bar ```html <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title> Creating Search Bar using HTML CSS and Javascript </title> <!-- linking the stylesheet(CSS) --> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="searchbar.css"> </head> <body> <!-- input tag --> <input id="searchbar" onkeydown="checkEnter(event)" type="text" name="search" placeholder="Search animals.."> <!-- ordered list --> <ol id='list'> <li class="animals">Cat</li> <li class="animals">Dog</li> <li class="animals">Elephant</li> <li class="animals">Fish</li> <li class="animals">Gorilla</li> <li class="animals">Monkey</li> <li class="animals">Turtle</li> <li class="animals">Whale</li> <li class="animals">Aligator</li> <li class="animals">Donkey</li> <li class="animals">Horse</li> </ol> <!-- linking javascript --> <script src="searchbar.js"></script> </body> </html> ``` --- ## HTML CSS Inline CSS ```html <h1 style="color:blue;">A Blue Heading</h1> ``` Internal CSS ```html <style> body {background-color: powderblue;} h1 {color: blue;} </style> ``` External CSS ```html <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="searchbar.css"> ``` ---- ## searchbar.css ```CSS #searchbar{ margin-left: 15%; padding:15px; border-radius: 10px; } input[type=text] { width: 30%; -webkit-transition: width 0.15s ease-in-out; /*timing function避免切換寬度開始和結束時的突兀感*/ transition: width 0.15s ease-in-out; } /* 當 input field 被 focus, 改變它的 width to 100% */ input[type=text]:focus { width: 70%; } #list{ font-size: 1.5em; /* 改變字體大小 */ margin-left: 90px; } .animals{ display: list-item; color: rgb(4, 204, 4); /* 設置字體顏色為綠色 */ background-color: black; /* 設置背景顏色為黑色 */ padding: 5px; /* 添加內邊距以增加文字周圍的空間 */ margin: 5px; /* 添加外邊距以控制列表項之間的間距 */ width: 500px; height: 30px; } ``` ---- ## Selectors ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HJP9ZrCQa.png) <font size = 5>[W3schools-selectors reference](https://www.w3schools.com/cssref/css_selectors.php)</font> ---- ## margin <img src="https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Syk1z4CXa.png" width=300 /> ```CSS p { margin: 25px 50px 75px 100px; } ``` + <font size =4>top margin is 25px</font> + <font size =4>right margin is 50px</font> + <font size =4>bottom margin is 75px</font> + <font size =4>left margin is 100px</font> ---- ## border <img src="https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rkEBS40mp.png" width=300 /> ---- ```CSS p.dotted {border-style: dotted;} p.dashed {border-style: dashed;} p.solid {border-style: solid;} p.double {border-style: double;} p.groove {border-style: groove;} p.ridge {border-style: ridge;} p.inset {border-style: inset;} p.outset {border-style: outset;} p.none {border-style: none;} p.hidden {border-style: hidden;} p.mix {border-style: dotted dashed solid double;} ``` ---- ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rJIREECX6.png) ---- ## padding <img src= "https://hackmd.io/_uploads/r1lmrV0X6.png" style="float : left ;margin : 0px 0px 10px 150px"/> <img src= "https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HJdDIE0Qp.png" style="float : left ;margin : 50px 0px 0px 50px"/> ``` div { padding: 15px 15px 15px 15px; } ``` + <font size =4>top padding is 15px</font> + <font size =4>right padding is 15px</font> + <font size =4>bottom padding is 15px</font> + <font size =4>left padding is 15px</font> ---- ## color ``` p { color: lightblue; /* 使用顏色名稱 */ } ``` ``` p { color: #00FFFF; /* 使用HEX表示淡藍色 */ } ``` ``` p { color: rgba(173, 216, 230, 0.5); /* 使用RGBA值表示淡藍色(0~255),並設置透明度為0.5(0~1) */ } ``` ---- <img src="https://hackmd.io/_uploads/r14BCERX6.png" width=500 /> ---- ## color(HSL) ``` p { color: hsl(0, 100%, 50%); /* hsl(hue[0~360], saturation[0~100%], lightness[0~100%]) */ } ``` ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rJQ5xBA7T.png) --- ## HTML Javascript ``` <script src="searchbar.js"></script> ``` ---- ## searchbar.js ```javascript function search_animal() { let input = document.getElementById('searchbar').value input=input.toLowerCase(); let x = document.getElementsByClassName('animals'); for (i = 0; i < x.length; i++) { if (!x[i].innerHTML.toLowerCase().includes(input)) { x[i].style.display="none"; } else { x[i].style.display="list-item"; } } } function checkEnter(event) { // 檢查是否按下的是 Enter 鍵 if (event.key === "Enter") { search_animal(); } } ``` ---- ## buld ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BJvZOLAma.png) <font size =4>https://www.w3schools.com/js/tryit.asp?filename=tryjs_intro_lightbulb</font> --- ## Lab Questions <img src="https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HyfHIwAm6.png" width=300 /> ---- ## Question 1 <font size=4>建立一個自我介紹的網頁</font> <font size=4>(需使用html及css)</font> ---- ## Question 2 <font size=4>建立一個介紹你最喜歡的神奇寶貝的網頁</font> <font size=4>需包含名稱及神奇寶貝圖片及左下方介紹</font> <font size=4>建立一個外部連結,連結到你最喜歡的神奇寶貝頁面,URL由下連結取得</font> <font size=4>https://tw.portal-pokemon.com/play/pokedex</font> <img src="https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SJgdcxDCXa.png" width=300 /> <img src="https://hackmd.io/_uploads/ryHjgDAQ6.png" width=300 /> <img src="https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HyengvRma.png" width=300 /> ---- ## Question 3 <font size=4>將自我介紹作為主頁面,建立內部連結至最喜歡的神奇寶貝網頁</font> <font size=4>並可以由最喜歡的神奇寶貝頁面回到主頁面</font> ---- ## Question 4 <font size=4>建立一個表格在介紹寶可夢的網頁 並將你最喜歡的神奇寶貝依據各種進化型態把數值列出</font> <img src="https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SJIXGwCmT.png" width=500 /> ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/ryhYbw07p.png) ---- ## Question 5 <font size=4>使用CSS美化Question4的表格(需要width、margin、padding、border、background-color、color)</font> ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/r1cexDRXp.png) ---- ## Question 6(bonus) <font size=4>完善講義中的searchbar 將其美化並使其具備CRUD及reset的function</font> --- ## 作業網站 http://140.121.197.13/tutorial --- <font size=10>Pokemon TCG pocket </font> <img src="https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rJ9zy3HW1e.png" width=370 />

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