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    # IRR 介紹文章 ###### tags: `Insurance` `IRR` ![](https://i.imgur.com/16PRKCC.jpg) [圖片素材網址](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1KqVuxcaHRg-_p7_sQ_jW6DFmajSl4fen/view?usp=sharing) ### IRR是什麼? IRR內部報酬率的定義是折現率,透過時間及現金流去計算未來的收入現值等於支出現值,也就是淨利益現值等於零的折現率。一般來說 **IRR值越大**,代表**投資報酬率越高,越值得投資**。 保險業業者,時常會說最終報酬率會比定存高,但這個報酬率只利用累積保費及解約領回金額去推算,而忽略了現金流的成本,或者計算還加上各種死亡率和費用率等等的其它成本,儲蓄險的種類繁多,本金領回的方式個有所不同,我們到底應該如何去分辨及比較哪個投資報酬率是最好的,如何讓各種不同的投資報酬率計算能在統一個水平做比較?這時候就需要IRR來讓所有的報酬率,有一個統一的比較基準。 #### 一般常見到、常聽到的保單利率分為兩種 1. 預定利率 2. 宣告利率 ### 預定利率與宣告利率哪裡不同? #### 預定利率 此為固定利率,後續不會因市場或保險公司經營狀況而有改變。 是保險公司收到保費後,進行保費運用預期可獲得的投資報酬率,再加上維持保單營運所需之費用率及基於死亡率計算之預期理賠費用後,用以折現計算保戶所需繳交的各期保費,預定利率就相當於保單的折現率。 #### 宣告利率 此為浮動利率,保險公司會根據當期的營運狀況,來決定宣告利率的高低,有可能調高也有可能調低,基本值還是會比較接近當初保險公司於商品DM上所公告之宣告利率。 備註:宣告利率商品都還會有一個預定利率,而這個預定利率就是保障,就算宣告利率調降到最低,也不能低於當初所保證的這個預定利率。 #### 總結來說 * 預定利率: 固定利率,還需要加計死亡率和費用率等等的其它成本。 * 宣告利率: 每期不固定,基於其所給付的「增值回饋分享金」也非保證可得。 不論是預定利率或是宣告利率,皆非保單的最終報酬率。 若要算出最終報酬率,還得就最終解約能領回的金額,計算保單的內部報酬率(IRR)。 #### 講這麼多,儲蓄險到底應該怎麼買? 1. 解約金越快接近累積保費越好 >提前解約會損失本金,越快接近累積保費越好。 2. 選對繳費方式有折扣 >通常年繳費或躉繳,都會比月繳來的划算。 3. 購買儲蓄險前,年化報酬率自己算 利用IRR計算機,自己把報酬率算出來,IRR越高對保戶來說越有利。 ### IRR 是如何計算的? IRR法的原理是用'猜'的,利用逼近法,透過不斷的猜測報酬率,去逼近淨利益現值=0。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/0DBxvOx.png) [Google試算表](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1cH2aZwZnujt5iwPGeGpR4NJwiU3O7006xGPV2uYZdqY/edit?usp=sharing) 上圖為六年期的儲蓄險保單,繳費年期共3年,每年繳費100,為-100代表支出,最終領回金額為330,將所有現金 流加總後,可以得到最終利益為30元整。 假定利率為7% 算出現值淨收益為-42.53 ,固可知道內部利率小於7%,往下猜2%,算出現值淨收益為正4.64,故可以知道內部利率大於2%小於7%..持續猜到結果為2.4065...多為最靠近0,故可知方案IRR為2.4065..%。

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