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    --- hackpadID: f46Vae1BEFQ hackpadWorkspace: ncnu-opensource tags: hackpad-import, ncnu-opensource --- # 1041 Week 3 OSS History, FHS 2015/10/01 1041 LSA  課程聊天室:[](https://tlk.io/ncnu-lsa)https://tlk.io/ncnu[-](https://tlk.io/ncnulsa)lsa   聊天室常開,歡迎加入 大家記得要共筆喔喔喔喔喔喔喔喔喔 >\\\\\\\\\\<  :100: :100: :100:  :smirk: :smirk:  terminal => Ctrl + Alt + T w3m  * 需要 `sudo apt-get install w3m` * desktop 沒有預設安裝好此套件 ## OSS History Open Source vs Free Software Source = 開放原始碼 vs 自由軟體 **Free Software** * 能自由運行,不管任何用途 * 能自由參考,修改原始碼至使用者想要的用途 * 能自由發放複製版本 * 能自由發放修改過的版本 * (現有的)皆爲Open Source * 不是賣這個軟體而是用專業收取服務費   ([](http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html))http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html) **Open Source** * 有些Open Source License有過多的限制(e.g. 不允許自行修改程式碼、限制使用者、用途) * 不全然爲Free Software  ([](http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html))http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html) Open Source Read => 能讀原始碼怎麼寫 Rewrite => 能自由修改程式碼 Share => 能分享修改後的程式碼 Improve => 能與原作者共同改進程式 **「開放源碼是一種開發軟體的方法論;自由軟體則是社會運動。」** 開放源碼運動認為,非自由軟體 (non-free software) 還算是湊合理想的替代案。而自由軟體運動認為,非自由軟體之存在,即表徵了社會問題的存在,針對這個問題,自由軟體就是解決方案。  取自gnu.org open source:可以有不同授權(ex:雙重授權),限定使用方式 free software:軟體一律不收費,以維護軟體及功能客製化等收取服務費用,不能限制讓誰使用 * free to use * Study and Fix (Modify)  任意學習.修改 * Redistribute (Share)  重新散播 補 Telegram的傳奇:[](http://www.leiphone.com/news/201509/fjutCWkZ3qUrbBt6.html)http://www.leiphone.com/news/201509/fjutCWkZ3qUrbBt6.html Homebrew 作者被打槍的twitt:[](https://twitter.com/mxcl/status/608682016205344768)https://twitter.com/mxcl/status/608682016205344768 OSI (Open Source Initiative) Certified Licenses => 認證過GPL、Apache、BSD等Licenses Public License => 貢獻給社會的授權 WTFPL (**Do What The Fuck You Want To Public License**) **OSS AND FLOSS** OSS =/= FLOSS OSS : Better Software FLOSS(Free/Libre) : The Freedom of Use and Modify ## FHS UNIX系統底下所有東西都是檔案,一切起源於 /(根目錄) "/" => 斜線, slash "\" => 反斜線, backslash "~" => "/home/~"=> 個人的家目錄 * 使用 vim 手動修改source.list * sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list * :%s/tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ftp.ubuntu-tw.net\/mirror/g

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