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--- tags : python --- # DAY 05 if 陳述句 要在某條件成立時才進行某些動作,Python提供了if運算式,if可以搭配else,在if條件不成立時,執行else中定義的程式碼 * ==數字的檢測== 範例如下 : ```python= age=21 # 定義一個變數值為20 if age>=20 : # 判斷變數值是否大於20 print("can vote") # 若大於20印出can vote else : # 變數值沒有大於20就執行else區塊 print("can't vote") # 進入else區塊後印出can't vote ``` 上面程式碼第一行的部分先定義一個age變數值為21,接下來在第三行進入if陳述句,判斷如果**age大於20的話就print("can vote")**,如果**age沒有大於20的話就進入第五行的else,然後print("can't vote")** 輸出結果 : ```python can vote ``` * ==字串的檢測== 範例如下 : ```python= names=["bonny","jack","rose"] # 建立一個names串列 for name in names : # 告知python從names串列中取出名字,並將取出的名字存到name變數中 if name=="bonny" : # 判斷如果name等於bonny print(name.upper()) #等於bonny就把bonny變全部大寫 else : # 如果name不等於bonny print(name) #不等於bonny就直接把name印出 ``` 輸出結果 : ```python BONNY jack rose ``` :bulb: 為甚麼比對是否相等時要用兩個等於呢?如果是一個等於的話,python會把name="bonny"解讀成**將name變數指定成bonny**,如果是兩個等於的話,python會把name=="bonny"解讀成**name變數的值等於bonny嗎?** --- ## 檢測多個條件 * ==用and檢測== 用and關鍵字把每個條件連起來,如果每個條件都是True的話整條條件式就為True,但只要有一個條件沒通過,整個條件式就會是False * ==用or檢測== 用or關鍵字把每個條件連起來,它和and不同的是,or只要一個條件是True就可以讓整個條件式為True,or關鍵字只會在全部的條件是False的時候,才會讓整個條件式是False 範例如下 : ```python= a = 5 b = 6 c = 4 if a>c and b>a : # a>c和b>a都是正確敘述,所以會跳到下一行印出句子 print("Both conditions are True") if a>c or b<a : # a>c是正確敘述,b<a是錯誤敘述,但因為or只要其中一個條件正確就可以通過,所以會跳到下一行印出句子 print("At least one of the conditions are True") ``` 輸出結果 : ``` Both conditions are True At least one of the conditions are True ``` --- ## if-elif-else範例 這個部分是要來講解if陳述句其實不只有if-else這種寫法,當我們需要檢測超過兩種以上的條件時,我們可以用到if-elif-else,**python只會執行if-elif-else路徑中的一個程式區塊,它會依序檢測每個條件,直到碰到符合條件的檢測,在通過檢測後,python才會執行緊接在後面的程式區塊,並跳過其他剩下的檢測** 譬如說去百貨公司買東西時,有金卡、銀卡和一般卡的會員我們會給予不同的折扣,這時我們就可以用if-elif-else來寫 範例如下 : ```python= card="gold" # 定義card變數是gold if card=="gold" : print("30% off") # 如果card等於gold印出打7折 elif card=="silver" : print("20% off") # 如果card等於silver印出打8折 else : print("10% off") # 如果不是gold也不是silver則印出打9折 ``` 輸出結果 : ``` 30% off ``` 我們也可以用多個elif程式區塊,範例如下 : ```python= score=87 if score==100 : print("A+") # score等於100印出A+ elif 90<=score<100 : print("A") # score介於90~99印出A elif 80<=score<90 : print("B") # score介於80~89印出B elif 70<=score<80 : print("C") # score介於70~79印出C elif 60<=score<70 : print("D") # score介於60~69印出D else : print("F") # score不在以上範圍內印出F ``` 輸出結果 : ``` B ``` #### 今天結束,各位明天見 :hand: *** 資料來源:<<python程式設計的樂趣>>-Eric Matthes著/H&C譯

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