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<style> h1 { color: brown; } th, td { margin: 0 auto !important; border: 3px solid black !important; table-layout: fixed !important; width: 25% !important; } .info { color: #CC4444; } .dangerous { color: red; } .image { margin: 0 auto; display: flex !important; } .text-center { text-align: center !important; display: flex !important; align-items: center !important; justify-content: center !important; } </style> # 基本棋具認識與常見名詞介紹 ![社長の將棋駒湯](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Crossing-Void/Shogi-notes/refs/heads/main/social-card.png) <center>最新將棋教學已轉移至<a href="https://komasoup.asobigoma.com/" target="_blank">社長の將棋駒湯</a>,HackMD 的將棋筆記不會再更新</center> <br/> <br/> <br/> <br/> 歡迎大家來到第二篇,基本棋具認識與常見名詞介紹。 本篇旨在:了解下將棋的**基礎棋具**,還有清楚知道甚麼是筋、段、王手、合駒、詰み等將棋專用詞彙 ## 認識棋盤、棋駒、駒台 在實體下棋時,一定會有的配備為**棋盤**與**棋駒** - 棋盤 >棋盤為9X9格,棋駒置放於**格子中** >棋盤格子不是正方形,有**一邊稍長**,這是因為人類眼睛的錯覺,如果做成剛好正方形,人類會覺得不是正的 >對局時,**長邊應平行雙方棋手**(實際擺過也能明顯感覺出來) >棋盤有不同材質製成,也有**卓上**(無腳)與**脚付**(有腳)之分 ><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Crossing-Void/Shogi-notes/main/2.shogi-noun/tool/ban-1.jpg" width="300"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Crossing-Void/Shogi-notes/main/2.shogi-noun/tool/ban-2.jpg" width="300"> - 棋駒 >一般棋駒買來時,總共有41枚棋駒 >棋駒做為棋子,置於棋盤上,操控於棋手 > >:::spoiler **20枚 + 20枚 = 40枚?** >通常會多出一枚步兵,因為步兵數量最多,如果不小心搞丟一枚步兵導致不能下棋,豈不是很慘<br> >搞丟其他棋駒或兩枚以上怎麼辦? >~~那我這邊建議去看醫...~~ 被打 - 駒台 (こまだい) >置放吃掉的棋駒,供棋手打入,關於打入請看<a href="https://hackmd.io/EZzhnO9JS_usM5Y9375Bng" target="_self">這裡</a> ><span class="dangerous">不算必備</span>,隨便找一處地方置放也可以 >會依照棋盤有無腳柱,駒台也會有不同高低之分 ><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Crossing-Void/Shogi-notes/main/2.shogi-noun/tool/komadai-1.jpg" width="300"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Crossing-Void/Shogi-notes/main/2.shogi-noun/tool/komadai-2.jpg" width="300"> :::warning :bulb: <font color=gold>**小提醒**</font> 想了解更多棋具嗎?棋鐘、棋袋、棋箱又是甚麼呢? 一字駒、二字駒,還有不同字體、木材質地? 更多資訊請參考豆知識篇—棋駒介紹完整版! ::: ## 棋盤座標、陣營 在日本將棋中,有著一套**座標系統**還有**陣營分別**,做為棋駒升級依據 - 座標—<span class="dangerous">段</span>與<span class="dangerous">筋</span> >座標以先手方來看,<span class="dangerous">**右上角**</span>為原點(1, 1) >:::warning >:bulb:**小撇步** >當自己為後手時,原點會變成<span class="dangerous">**左下角**</span>,在表達位置時,請自行旋轉 >::: >縱向的格子稱為**筋(すじ)**;橫向稱為**段(だん)** >筋用**阿拉伯數字**記(1\~9);段用**中文小寫**記(一\~九) (有時為了書寫、打字方便,也用阿拉伯數字代替) >讀座標時,先讀筋,再讀段<br> >我們來看看範例 > <img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Crossing-Void/Shogi-notes/main/2.shogi-noun/coordinate/xy.png"> > :::spoiler 小練習 > 請回答出問號所代表的座標 > <img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Crossing-Void/Shogi-notes/main/2.shogi-noun/coordinate/pra-1.png"> > <img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Crossing-Void/Shogi-notes/main/2.shogi-noun/coordinate/pra-2.png"> > :::spoiler 解答 > 1. 2六 > 2. 8七 > ::: > > > :::warning > :information_source: **小知識** > 你以為日本將棋選擇**右上角**當原點很不習慣? > 象棋:右下角 > 圍棋、西洋棋:左下角 > 影像辨識:左上角 > ::: - 陣營 >認識了棋盤座標,接下來介紹**陣營區分** >靠近自己的三段目為**自陣**(じじん);相對地,靠近敵方的三段目為**敵陣**(てきじん) >陣營區別是將棋升級的規則的重點,這邊了解後,在看下篇的日本將棋升級篇才不會霧煞煞 ><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Crossing-Void/Shogi-notes/main/2.shogi-noun/coordinate/region.png"> ## 常見名詞說明 1. 王手(おうて) >等同於將軍。下出了「下一手對方不採取防禦,下下手我方就可以吃掉玉將」的一手 (好一個繞口令),所以對方王手時,我們有三種結局 > 1. 避開,可以是**吃掉對方王手的棋駒**、**玉將逃跑**、**合駒**等 > 2. 可以避開未避開,這樣就是**王手放置**,判負 > 3. 怎麼樣都避不開,這是**詰**,下一個名詞就會介紹 >可作為**動詞**與**名詞** >當然對方可以王手我,我也可以王手對方 > ><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Crossing-Void/Shogi-notes/main/2.shogi-noun/kifu/oute-1.png" width="330"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Crossing-Void/Shogi-notes/main/2.shogi-noun/kifu/oute-2.png" width="330"><span class="text-center">*打入桂馬王手*</span> 2. 詰或詰死(詰み) >等同於將死、checkmate。是王手的一個子集,除了王手之外,還讓對方**沒有任何防禦手段**,獲得勝利。 ><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Crossing-Void/Shogi-notes/main/2.shogi-noun/kifu/tsumi-1.png" width="330"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Crossing-Void/Shogi-notes/main/2.shogi-noun/kifu/tsumi-2.png" width="330"><span class="text-center">*打入金將詰み*</span> 3. 掛詰(詰めろ) :arrow_backward: <span class="dangerous">其實很少人說掛詰,大多還是說日文,看不懂日文的朋友,可以複製起來,交給翻譯軟體唸喔</span> >下出了「下一手對方沒有做出避開手段,下下手就能詰死對方」的一手 ><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Crossing-Void/Shogi-notes/main/2.shogi-noun/kifu/tsumero-1.png" width="330"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Crossing-Void/Shogi-notes/main/2.shogi-noun/kifu/tsumero-2.png" width="330"><span class="text-center">*打入桂馬做詰めろ,因為等等2八金有詰,又因為對方是可以避免被詰,所以不是必至*</span> 4. 必至(必死、ひっし) >為詰めろ的一個子集,除了詰めろ外,對方沒有任何防禦手段,下次換我方時,必定能取得勝利 ><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Crossing-Void/Shogi-notes/main/2.shogi-noun/kifu/hisshi-1.png" width="330"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Crossing-Void/Shogi-notes/main/2.shogi-noun/kifu/hisshi-2.png" width="330"><span class="text-center">*打入7八金做必至,等等有6八金打、4八金打的詰み,不可能同時防得住,所以是必至*</span> 5. 合駒(あいごま) >在對方使用大駒[^noun1]王手我方時,使用移動棋駒或打入棋駒的方式阻擋在中間,做於防禦手段。 ><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Crossing-Void/Shogi-notes/main/2.shogi-noun/kifu/aigoma-1.png" width="330"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Crossing-Void/Shogi-notes/main/2.shogi-noun/kifu/aigoma-2.png" width="330"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Crossing-Void/Shogi-notes/main/2.shogi-noun/kifu/aigoma-3.png" width="330"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Crossing-Void/Shogi-notes/main/2.shogi-noun/kifu/aigoma-4.png" width="330"><span class="text-center">*打入步兵,避開對方飛車的王手*</span> >:::info >:information_source: **小知識** >合駒定義為移動或打入棋駒防禦,但一般特別都是指<span class="dangerous">打入</span>棋駒阻擋 >::: ## 習題 來測驗看看有沒有搞混**王手、詰み、詰めろ、必至**吧 1. <img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Crossing-Void/Shogi-notes/main/2.shogi-noun/kifu/pra-1.png" width="330"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Crossing-Void/Shogi-notes/main/2.shogi-noun/kifu/pra-2.png" width="330"> 2. <img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Crossing-Void/Shogi-notes/main/2.shogi-noun/kifu/pra-3.png" width="330"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Crossing-Void/Shogi-notes/main/2.shogi-noun/kifu/pra-4.png" width="330"> :::spoiler 解答 1. 王手,因為遠方有龍馬,所以不是詰み 2. 詰めろ,判斷依據:先看有無王手,有的話可能是王手、詰み,沒有的話則可能是詰めろ、必至。又因為對方仍有防禦手段,所以是詰めろ <img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Crossing-Void/Shogi-notes/main/2.shogi-noun/kifu/pra-5.png" width="330"><span class="text-center">*打入香車防守*</span> ::: [^noun1]: 大駒:大駒(おおごま),為飛車、角行與它們升級過後的(龍、馬)這四種稱為大駒。<br>雖然**玉將在物理意義上比它們更大一枚,但不會以大駒代表**。<br>相對地,除了大駒的棋駒都是**小駒**(こごま) 大駒可以遠程進攻(延伸線)<br>小駒則是**近戰**駒(雖然有香車、桂馬等模稜兩可的棋駒)<br>除了容易在日文解說聽到,大小駒分類在入玉裡面會較好計算。 入玉規則請看進階學習篇

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