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    # 大綱思考 | Unit | 考古程度 | 熟練程度 | 備註 | |:--------------:|:--------:|:--------:|:------------:| | Introduction | ★★☆☆☆ | ✓✓ | | | Basic | ★★☆☆☆ | ✓✓✓ | | | I/O、HW | ★★★☆☆ | ✓✓✓✓ | | | OS | ★★★☆☆ | ✓✓✓ | | | Process | ★★★★☆ | ✓✓✓✓ | | | Thread | ★★★★☆ | ✓✓✓✓✓ | | | Deadlock | ★★★★★ | ✓✓✓✓✓ | | | Sychronization | ★★★★★ | ✓✓✓✓ | 請多看幾遍! | | Memory | ★★★★★ | ✓✓✓✓✓ | | | Virtual Memory | ★★★★★ | ✓✓✓✓✓ | | | Disk | ★★★★☆ | ✓✓✓✓ | | | File | ★★☆☆☆ | ✓✓ | | PS. 台大 前面考考是非題 分散式系統考到爆 (去借教授的書來看盡量找一點,不要跟我一樣QQQ) 請進找服用 鐵人30 很多淺顯易懂的文章先K 就對了 #### 3. 準備方向 - [x] I/O、HW &gt; privileged instruction、還有一些dual mode那些,polling、interrupt、DMA這些東東。 &gt; 所以 I/O的種類不可以搞混 &gt; Buffer 跟 POOL 的差別在哪??? - [ ] OS &gt; 有好幾種OS,可能考前要稍微翻一下,交大可能會出一題來考,micro kernel之類的,有哪些有kernel概念哪些沒有,可能都要搞清楚。 micro kernel(有保持著storage/ mem /compile)/mintallint(都寫死了 最常看的 就是 ISO系統了,你完全沒辦法做更動) kernel /loadabel kernel(模組化) 單一核心類似cover 的概念(solair) 假模擬/ 半模擬/全模擬 - [x] Process、Thread TT /WT /AT /RT/CT/ST <font color ='white'>TT:(CT-AT) WT = (TT-AT) RT (ST-AT)</font> &gt; 1. Job Sceduling 總共有 FIFO RR SJF SPJF(可插隊) Multi level-<font color="red">Queus不可跳</font>/<font color="blue">Feed back可跳</font>(依據不同情況安排) &gt; 2. Contect Switching 切換狀態PCB0狀態存起來>>>喚醒PCB 1 >>> PCB 0喚醒 &gt; 3. Starvation 飢餓(搶奪資源的狀況) &gt; 4. Convoy Effect (捍衛狀態,保衛到run完 fifo 會發生)後面都無法插隊 &gt; 5. Aging Technique 越老的 process or thread primay 越大 dynamicload 調整(但是 Real time 不可調整 不管這套) &gt; 6. (Non-)Peemptive不可插隊系統 &gt; 7. Process Thread 的差別在於那些? &gt; 8. EDA/Ratemic (hard time<無Vir-MEM>的prim 依據)!!!!必考 - [x] Deadlock &gt; Deadlock必要條件,還有如何防止,如何避免,如何解決。這三種你都要能回答得出來。<font color ="red">RAG各process 之間的相關性</font> &gt; 1. 甚麼時候是安全狀態 need = MAX -All<AVL才可以 &gt; 2. M+N狀態 :::spoiler ![](https://i.imgur.com/q7VqVbt.png) ::: - [x] Synchronization 主要不外乎圍繞在 process 會不會違反 ME/BW/P 如果發生了我們可以用什麼方法解決呢?? &gt; 我花最多時間的一個章節。這個章節旁人不能幫你什麼,有種只可意會不可言傳的感覺(超花時間要思考很久),要自己trace code,如果需要人指點的話,就去點周志遠的影片吧。 &gt; 1. Shared Memory &gt; 2. Message Passing &gt; 3. Race Condition &gt; 4. Critical Section CS(確保只有單一個的人在裡面其他人在外面等因為條件未完成 IE 等女友的舉例) &gt; 6. 著名的同步問題(哲學家的晚餐)五個五隻筷子會有人大家都拿自己右手邊but 卻缺少了一隻筷子來吃飯 &gt; 7. Monitor 高階的 Semophore &gt; 8. Semophore (0/1 lock -spin lock) &gt; 9. Swap<硬體> &gt; 10. Test and Set<硬體> &gt; 11. peterson algo(1~3)的差別會違反甚麼呢?? <font color="white">1.違反 progress 2.違反BW(大家都不進去) 3.用flag去更動大家的狀態</font><軟體問題> &gt; 12. read write problem 很重要 writer 沒釋放資源給reader 就只能一直在等But reader之後就會報復只放 reader 自己人進去 - [x] Memory(畫一張誰拉誰應該很清楚了p(m-n)|d(n) >p|f >d|f ) &gt; 1. Page Table (sigle/multi/invert page)差別在哪呢 &gt; 2. Page Size &gt; 3. Fragmentation &gt; 4. Compaction &gt; 5. Segment limit and base 問題 &gt; 6. Paged Segment - [x] Virtual Memory &gt; 1. Demand Paging (需要再載入會有 PF) &gt; 2. Page Fault 計算當去 MEM階層拿東西的時間(CA 也有這方面的計算)EAT/AMAT(不是那個台灣應材D) &gt; 3. Page Replacement 用甚麼方法計算效率 &gt; 4. Frame &gt; 5. Page Replacement 種類 &gt; 6. Thrashing &gt; 7. Effect of Page Size &gt; 8. Program Structure &gt; 9. Copy-on-Write &gt; 10. TLB Reach (MIS HIT 問題) - [x] Disk &gt; 1. Disk Scheduling Algorithm FCFS(先來先用) /SSTF(最近的優先)/SCAN (一去一回用嫂的) &gt; 2. Access Time (跑了多久之類的問題) &gt; 3. Free Space Management (linklist:group /Bit vactor:counting) &gt; 4. File Allocation &gt; 5. Formatting (FAT/ntfs) 差別 &gt; 6. Raw IO &gt; 7. Bootstrap Loader &gt; 8. Cope with Bad Sectors(台大考!!!!!) 分為slip and Sparing (哪個是整個移動/只移動一個) &gt; 9. Swap Space Management(wake up別人 block 自己) &gt; 10. RAID 0~6 差別(互相組合搭配) - [ ] File &gt; 建議寫完考古來讀再讀一遍這章,你會知道哪邊是重點,access group交大特愛考。 &gt; 開啟狀態 &gt; 三種 文件狀態互斥/範本/公文 &gt; hard link soft link &gt; addr ... 777是甚麼? - [ ] 資安 &gt; 閱讀測驗拉交大必考一大題

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