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    [![hackmd-github-sync-badge](https://hackmd.io/hL6JZJdmSRadTQhQRPMXig/badge)](https://hackmd.io/hL6JZJdmSRadTQhQRPMXig) $\require{mhchem}$ # 化学高二期中考前复习卷一、二、三 ###### tags: `Chemistry` 泡沫灭火器原理? $\ce{3HCO3- + Al^{3+} -> 3CO2 ^ + Al(OH)3 v}$ 判断:测定 $\ce{NaClO}$ 溶液 pH 值不能用 pH 试纸。 正确。漂白。 判断:钢筋混凝土是复合材料。 正确。 判断:玻璃钢是复合材料。 正确。 判断:钢化玻璃是复合材料。 错误,钢化玻璃还是玻璃。 判断:煅烧贝壳,将产物投入海水中获得 $\ce{Mg(OH)2}$ 的过程不涉及氧化还原反应。 正确,石灰石分解为氧化钙,投入水中生成氢氧化钙。 乙醇催化氧化的催化剂是? $\ce{Cu}$ 判断:乙醇催化氧化实验过程中,铜网出现红色和黑色交替的现象。 正确。铜转化为氧化铜又变回铜。 判断:将一小块钠放入 75% 酒精中,产生气泡,说明钠能置换出醇羟基中的氢。 错误,有水干扰。 判断:将浓硫酸滴到蔗糖表面,固体变黑膨胀,有刺激性气体产生,说明浓硫酸有脱水性和强氧化性。 正确。 $\ce{Ba2SO3}$ 溶于酸吗? 溶于酸。 $\ce{BaSO3 + 2H+ -> Ba^{2+} + H2O + SO2}$ 如何检验 $\ce{SO3^{2-}}$ 与 $\ce{SO4^{2-}}$ 混合溶液中的 $\ce{SO4^{2-}}$ ? 加入盐酸,再加入 $\ce{BaCl2}$ 溶液。 酒精的消毒原理? 利用其渗透性使蛋白质变性。 判断:陶土是硅酸盐产品。 正确。 次氯酸的电子式? ![](https://i.imgur.com/Rd8Btf3.png) 判断:高纯铝被大量用于制造火箭、导弹和飞机的部件。 错误,高纯铝硬度和强度较小,不适合。 判断:煤的干馏涉及到化学变化。 正确。 判断:石油的分馏涉及到化学变化。 错误,属于物理变化。 石油裂解涉及化学变化吗? 涉及。 海带提碘涉及化学变化吗? 涉及,灼烧后灰烬中碘元素以离子形式存在,用过氧化氢氧化为碘单质。 84 消毒液有效成分? $\ce{NaClO}$ 判断:向 $\ce{Cu}$ 与浓硫酸反应并冷却后的试管中缓慢加入冷水,溶液变蓝,说明产物中含有 $\ce{CuSO4}$ 错误,大量浓硫酸残留,应当引酸入水。 铜与浓硫酸反应方程式? $\ce{Cu + 2H2SO4(浓) ->[\Delta] CuSO4 + SO2 ^ + 2H2O}$ 蒸干 $\ce{NH4Cl}$ 溶液能获得 $\ce{NH4Cl}$ 固体吗? 不能。 $\ce{NH4Cl + H2O -> NH3 ^ + H2O + HCl ^}$

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