Ming Hsu
    • Create new note
    • Create a note from template
      • Sharing URL Link copied
      • /edit
      • View mode
        • Edit mode
        • View mode
        • Book mode
        • Slide mode
        Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
      • Customize slides
      • Note Permission
      • Read
        • Only me
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
        Only me Signed-in users Everyone
      • Write
        • Only me
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
        Only me Signed-in users Everyone
      • Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
    • Invite by email
      Invitee

      This note has no invitees

    • Publish Note

      Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note

      Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
      Your note is now live.
      This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
      Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.
      See published notes
      Unpublish note
      Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
      View profile
    • Commenting
      Permission
      Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    • Enable
    • Permission
      • Forbidden
      • Owners
      • Signed-in users
      • Everyone
    • Suggest edit
      Permission
      Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    • Enable
    • Permission
      • Forbidden
      • Owners
      • Signed-in users
    • Emoji Reply
    • Enable
    • Versions and GitHub Sync
    • Note settings
    • Note Insights New
    • Engagement control
    • Transfer ownership
    • Delete this note
    • Save as template
    • Insert from template
    • Import from
      • Dropbox
      • Google Drive
      • Gist
      • Clipboard
    • Export to
      • Dropbox
      • Google Drive
      • Gist
    • Download
      • Markdown
      • HTML
      • Raw HTML
Menu Note settings Note Insights Versions and GitHub Sync Sharing URL Create Help
Create Create new note Create a note from template
Menu
Options
Engagement control Transfer ownership Delete this note
Import from
Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
Export to
Dropbox Google Drive Gist
Download
Markdown HTML Raw HTML
Back
Sharing URL Link copied
/edit
View mode
  • Edit mode
  • View mode
  • Book mode
  • Slide mode
Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
Customize slides
Note Permission
Read
Only me
  • Only me
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Only me Signed-in users Everyone
Write
Only me
  • Only me
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Only me Signed-in users Everyone
Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
  • Invite by email
    Invitee

    This note has no invitees

  • Publish Note

    Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note

    Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
    Your note is now live.
    This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
    Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.
    See published notes
    Unpublish note
    Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
    View profile
    Engagement control
    Commenting
    Permission
    Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    Enable
    Permission
    • Forbidden
    • Owners
    • Signed-in users
    • Everyone
    Suggest edit
    Permission
    Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    Enable
    Permission
    • Forbidden
    • Owners
    • Signed-in users
    Emoji Reply
    Enable
    Import from Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
       Owned this note    Owned this note      
    Published Linked with GitHub
    • Any changes
      Be notified of any changes
    • Mention me
      Be notified of mention me
    • Unsubscribe
    # 輕鬆「Go」建事件驅動應用 ###### tags: `line` 這篇文章統整了我在 Golang Taipei #55 Meet Up 分享的內容。 Event-driven architecture 在近幾年越來越受關注,它不僅幫助我們解耦服務組件、反轉依賴,更可提高系統的 throughput,大幅提升了擴展性。 這次主題會講解 Event-driven 的核心概念,簡介幾種常見的分佈式消息系統,並展示如何輕鬆用 Golang 實作 event-driven application,幫助大家能更快理解。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/RuF8Gbk.png) ## 什麼是 Event Event 可以是一個「改變系統狀態」的變化,也可以是陳述當前系統狀態的「事實」,如使用者的點擊、sensor 的資料流、一筆成立的訂單資訊等。而產生 event 的一方叫生產者 (producer),接收 event 的一方叫消費者 (consumer)。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/dxLNqaD.png) 如上圖,event publisher 產生了一個 event 後,數個對此事件有興趣的 consumer 都可以訂閱它。 ## 事件驅動架構 主流的架構有兩種: 1. Pub/Sub model 消費者訂閱一到數個事件流,當一個事件產生(被發布)後會被送給有訂閱它的消費者 2. Event streaming 事件被 append 進 log 並存在 event store。不同於 Pub/Sub 模型,Consumer 可以參與任一事件流並從任何一個時間點開始 "replay",產生一個 view,這個過程叫做 view generation。相關的應用有 Event sourcing、CQRS (讀寫分離) 等。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/aPDXAsU.png) 上圖簡單的描述了一個 event sourcing 的架構。由 end users 產生的各種 event 會被存在 event store,而每個 consumer 各對應到一個 view generation,並寫道 read storage,而外部所有的 query 只會訪問 read storage。這樣讀寫分離的架構讓我們能更有彈性的根據不同場景選擇適合的 DB,比如需要全文檢索的時候就可以考慮使用 ElasticSearch 作為 read storage 等。 ## Why 事件驅動 - 使用事件來溝通不同服務幫助我們明確建立 Domain event、並且維持程式邊界,進而維持服務自治性。 - 解耦系統組件、鬆散依賴。 - 事件的異步處理幫助提高系統的 throughput、提高整體架構的擴展性。 - 反轉依賴,讓系統更貼近真實業務邏輯關係。 - 幫助我們建構 [responsive system](https://www.reactivemanifesto.org): ![](https://i.imgur.com/5pPEZwZ.png) ## 事件驅動與微服務 ![](https://i.imgur.com/OiY3GoP.png) - 圖源:[Microsoft Docs](https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-tw/dotnet/architecture/microservices/multi-container-microservice-net-applications/integration-event-based-microservice-communications) 從上圖可以看到,微服務之間藉由 event bus (message broker) 使用事件彼此溝通 (pub/sub),而每個微服務都各自維護一個 database,並訂閱與自身服務相關的事件。由此可以發現,一個微服務可以是生產者、消費者、或是兩者都是。 ## 注意事項 - 使用前需要評估系統對資料一致性的要求:當資料具最終一致性的場境較容易處理 - 要小心分散式交易時的資料一致性問題:在分散式的架構下,我們不再能使用 單個 DB transaction 確保交易的原子性。當一筆交易分佈在多個服務時確保交易一致性的方法:多階段提交、saga pattern。 - 額外的維運成本:相比單體架構,有更多的服務與外部系統要維護、監控 小結:**事件驅動並不是 silven bullet,還是要看應用場景選擇最適合的架構**。 ## 用 Golang 實作事件驅動 ### Watermill - https://github.com/ThreeDotsLabs/watermill Watermill 是一個幫助我們實作 message streaming 的 Golang library,它統一 publish/subscribe 介面,因此可以輕鬆換到不同底層 broker 而不需修改核心程式碼。 另外,它有著充滿彈性的 API ,讓我們可以掌握 broker-specific 的設定,比如使用 Kafka 時可以直接 override Sarama 的 config,完成更細部的客戶端設定。Watermill 同時也提供開箱即用的 middleware,讓我們不用手刻 Timeout、Retry、Recovery 等諸多功能。值得一提的是,除了 Kafka 或 RabbitMQ 等常見的 broker,watermill 也支持 HTTP 或是 MySQL binlog,因此實用性滿高的。 Watermill 的核心就是 Pub/Sub 的 interface。它將所有種類的 message broker 都封裝成 Publisher 與 Subscriber 的介面,讓我們的程式碼可以與底層的 client library 解耦: ```go type Publisher interface { Publish(topic string, messages ...*Message) error Close() error } type Subscriber interface { Subscribe(ctx context.Context, topic string) (<-chan *Message, error) Close() error } ``` ### Demo 完整程式碼請看[這裡](https://github.com/minghsu0107/golang-taipei-watermill-example)。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/Yt6MIsA.png) 1. 有一個 publisher 每三秒向 `incoming_topic` 發布一個新消息 2. `helloHandler` 與 `incomingTopicHandler` 訂閱了 `incoming_topic` 這個主題,而 `outgoingTopicHandler` 則訂閱了 `outgoing_topic` 3. 當 `helloHandler` 收到了一個新消息,它會再發布另一個 greeting message 到 `outgoing_topic` 4. 最後訂閱了 `outgoing_topic` 的 outgoingTopicHandler 收到了這個 greeting message。 接著來看看程式碼實作。首先我們建立一個 router,router 負責管理所有的 pub/sub handler,並且可以在 router 上註冊 global 的 middleware: ```go router.AddPlugin(plugin.SignalsHandler) router.AddMiddleware( middleware.CorrelationID, middleware.Timeout(time.Second*10), middleware.NewThrottle(10, time.Second).Middleware, middleware.Retry{ MaxRetries: 5, Logger: logger, }.Middleware, middleware.Recoverer, ) ``` 這邊展示了一些常用的 middleware,比如 Timeout、Throttle、Retry 與 Recovery 機制等。 由於我們使用 NATS Streaming 作為底層的 broker,因此我們可以寫一個 NATS Streaming client 的 factory,它會回傳前面所提到的 Publisher 或是 Subscriber: ```go func NewNATSPublisher(logger watermill.LoggerAdapter, clusterID, natsURL string) (message.Publisher, error) { return nats.NewStreamingPublisher( nats.StreamingPublisherConfig{ ClusterID: clusterID, ClientID: watermill.NewShortUUID(), StanOptions: []stan.Option{ stan.NatsURL(natsURL), }, Marshaler: marshaler, }, logger, ) } func NewNATSSubscriber(logger watermill.LoggerAdapter, clusterID, clientID, natsURL string) (message.Subscriber, error) { return nats.NewStreamingSubscriber( nats.StreamingSubscriberConfig{ ClusterID: clusterID, ClientID: clientID, StanOptions: []stan.Option{ stan.NatsURL("nats://nats-streaming:4222"), }, Unmarshaler: marshaler, }, logger, ) } ``` 接著我們向 router 註冊 `helloHandler` 與只有作用在 `helloHandler` 的 middleware: ```go handler := router.AddHandler( "hello_handler", incomingTopic, subscriber, outgoingTopic, publisher, helloHandler{}.Handler, ) handler.AddMiddleware(func(h message.HandlerFunc) message.HandlerFunc { return func(message *message.Message) ([]*message.Message, error) { fmt.Printf("\nexecuting hello_handler specific middleware for %s", message.UUID) return h(message) } }) ``` 註冊 `incomingTopicHandler` 與 `outgoingTopicHandler`: ```go router.AddNoPublisherHandler( incomingTopic+"_handler", incomingTopic, subscriber, incomingTopicHandler{}.HandlerWithoutPublish, ) router.AddNoPublisherHandler( outgoingTopic+"_handler", outgoingTopic, subscriber, outgoingTopicHandler{}.HandlerWithoutPublish, ) ``` 最後在背景每三秒向 `incomingTopic` 發布訊息,同時啟動 router: ```go go publishMessages(incomingTopic, publisher) ctx := context.Background() if err := router.Run(ctx); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } func publishMessages(topic string, publisher message.Publisher) { for { msg := message.NewMessage(watermill.NewUUID(), []byte("Hello, watermill!")) middleware.SetCorrelationID(watermill.NewUUID(), msg) fmt.Printf("\n\n\nSending message %s, correlation id: %s\n", msg.UUID, middleware.MessageCorrelationID(msg)) if err := publisher.Publish(topic, msg); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } time.Sleep(3 * time.Second) } } ``` 啟動服務: ```bash docker-compose up ``` 若把 `WATERMILL_PUBSUB_TYPE` 環境變數設為空字串就可以將底層的 broker 換成 GoChannel Pub/Sub,有興趣可以實驗看看,兩者的 output 會是一模一樣的。 ## Messaging Systems 前面談到 message broker 可以是各種不同的實作,比如 RabbitMQ 或 Kafka 等。但各種訊息系統有什麼不同呢?這邊會做一個簡單的比較與整理。 下圖來自我在簡報中做的 Message broker 比較與整理: ![](https://i.imgur.com/XeU2Bjr.png) Kafka 是許多企業的 event streaming 平台首選,這是因爲他的高 throughput、擴展性與可靠性。而 RabbitMQ 實作了 AMQP 協定,它豐富的 routing 機制讓我們可以處理很複雜的資料流。而 NATS Streaming 是三者中最年輕的,它是以 Golang 實作的 CNCF 專案,十分輕快速,部署也相對容易,並且結合了前述兩者的優點。 舉例來說,NATS Streaming 有以下特性: ![](https://i.imgur.com/RdSrRl2.png) 由上圖可以看到,NATS Streaming 結合了 Kafka 的 ConsumerGroup 特點與 RabbitMQ 的路由 matching 機制,讓我們在開發上有更多選擇的彈性。 ## 總結 事件驅動能夠以貼近真實業務邏輯的方式描述系統架構,並幫助我們解耦服務依賴,提高擴展性,而 Watermill 更使得這一切變的容易實現。 很高興這次能夠在 Golang Taipei 分享我的一些想法,這次的講者經驗也讓我體會到社群滿滿的熱情與活力! ## Reference - https://www.rabbitmq.com - http://kafka.apache.org - https://nats.io - https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/integration/what-is-event-driven-architecture - https://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.03715.pdf - https://github.com/ThreeDotsLabs/watermill - https://watermill.io/docs/cqrs/#building-a-read-modelwith-the-event-handler

    Import from clipboard

    Paste your markdown or webpage here...

    Advanced permission required

    Your current role can only read. Ask the system administrator to acquire write and comment permission.

    This team is disabled

    Sorry, this team is disabled. You can't edit this note.

    This note is locked

    Sorry, only owner can edit this note.

    Reach the limit

    Sorry, you've reached the max length this note can be.
    Please reduce the content or divide it to more notes, thank you!

    Import from Gist

    Import from Snippet

    or

    Export to Snippet

    Are you sure?

    Do you really want to delete this note?
    All users will lose their connection.

    Create a note from template

    Create a note from template

    Oops...
    This template has been removed or transferred.
    Upgrade
    All
    • All
    • Team
    No template.

    Create a template

    Upgrade

    Delete template

    Do you really want to delete this template?
    Turn this template into a regular note and keep its content, versions, and comments.

    This page need refresh

    You have an incompatible client version.
    Refresh to update.
    New version available!
    See releases notes here
    Refresh to enjoy new features.
    Your user state has changed.
    Refresh to load new user state.

    Sign in

    Forgot password

    or

    By clicking below, you agree to our terms of service.

    Sign in via Facebook Sign in via Twitter Sign in via GitHub Sign in via Dropbox Sign in with Wallet
    Wallet ( )
    Connect another wallet

    New to HackMD? Sign up

    Help

    • English
    • 中文
    • Français
    • Deutsch
    • 日本語
    • Español
    • Català
    • Ελληνικά
    • Português
    • italiano
    • Türkçe
    • Русский
    • Nederlands
    • hrvatski jezik
    • język polski
    • Українська
    • हिन्दी
    • svenska
    • Esperanto
    • dansk

    Documents

    Help & Tutorial

    How to use Book mode

    Slide Example

    API Docs

    Edit in VSCode

    Install browser extension

    Contacts

    Feedback

    Discord

    Send us email

    Resources

    Releases

    Pricing

    Blog

    Policy

    Terms

    Privacy

    Cheatsheet

    Syntax Example Reference
    # Header Header 基本排版
    - Unordered List
    • Unordered List
    1. Ordered List
    1. Ordered List
    - [ ] Todo List
    • Todo List
    > Blockquote
    Blockquote
    **Bold font** Bold font
    *Italics font* Italics font
    ~~Strikethrough~~ Strikethrough
    19^th^ 19th
    H~2~O H2O
    ++Inserted text++ Inserted text
    ==Marked text== Marked text
    [link text](https:// "title") Link
    ![image alt](https:// "title") Image
    `Code` Code 在筆記中貼入程式碼
    ```javascript
    var i = 0;
    ```
    var i = 0;
    :smile: :smile: Emoji list
    {%youtube youtube_id %} Externals
    $L^aT_eX$ LaTeX
    :::info
    This is a alert area.
    :::

    This is a alert area.

    Versions and GitHub Sync
    Get Full History Access

    • Edit version name
    • Delete

    revision author avatar     named on  

    More Less

    Note content is identical to the latest version.
    Compare
      Choose a version
      No search result
      Version not found
    Sign in to link this note to GitHub
    Learn more
    This note is not linked with GitHub
     

    Feedback

    Submission failed, please try again

    Thanks for your support.

    On a scale of 0-10, how likely is it that you would recommend HackMD to your friends, family or business associates?

    Please give us some advice and help us improve HackMD.

     

    Thanks for your feedback

    Remove version name

    Do you want to remove this version name and description?

    Transfer ownership

    Transfer to
      Warning: is a public team. If you transfer note to this team, everyone on the web can find and read this note.

        Link with GitHub

        Please authorize HackMD on GitHub
        • Please sign in to GitHub and install the HackMD app on your GitHub repo.
        • HackMD links with GitHub through a GitHub App. You can choose which repo to install our App.
        Learn more  Sign in to GitHub

        Push the note to GitHub Push to GitHub Pull a file from GitHub

          Authorize again
         

        Choose which file to push to

        Select repo
        Refresh Authorize more repos
        Select branch
        Select file
        Select branch
        Choose version(s) to push
        • Save a new version and push
        • Choose from existing versions
        Include title and tags
        Available push count

        Pull from GitHub

         
        File from GitHub
        File from HackMD

        GitHub Link Settings

        File linked

        Linked by
        File path
        Last synced branch
        Available push count

        Danger Zone

        Unlink
        You will no longer receive notification when GitHub file changes after unlink.

        Syncing

        Push failed

        Push successfully